2018 8th International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), 26 – 28 June 2018, Guimares, Portugal Improved NLOS Propagation Models for Wireless Communication in mmWave bands Krystof Zeman, Martin Stusek, Pavel Masek, and Jiri Hosek Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Contact author’s e-mail: masekpavel@vutbr.cz Abstract—In recent years the demand for high throughput and low latency communication grew up to the point where the current wireless networks cannot satisfy it. In response to that the research community started exploring new ways of utilizing the spectrum. This effort resulted in the 5G New Radio (NR) technology bringing together the legacy 4G technologies with new ones such as Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) and Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB). A major role in 5G NR landscape is dedicated to the communications in millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency band, which can provide multi- gigabit throughputs and very low latency. To fully unleash the potential of mmWave, the innovations on all layers of the protocol stack are required. As the discrete-event network simulation is es- sential way for cross-layer end-to-end modelling and performance analysis, this paper brings results of our contribution to the well- known full-stack mmWave module of the Network Simulator 3. In this work, we propose an NYUSIM model enhancement, which allows users to accurately model attenuation of different materials. This enables users to create more accurate simulations in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment and therefore increase the network throughput. I. I NTRODUCTION The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is supposed to support a wide range of frequency bands, connectivity features, and diverse use-cases, with native support for efficient (spectrum) operation. The 5G design, see Fig.1, is expected to provide the needed flexibility to adapt to various network oper- ations and requirements given by both industry and consumer sector. The flexible system design, combined with support for a wide range of frequency bands (from bellow 6 GHz to millimeter-wave bands), requires new schemes and approaches through all verticals in communication infrastructure [1]. Recent studies detail that the next decade in telecommu- nication landscape will encounter a 1000-fold increase in case of capacity demand [2]. The microwave bands, which were the most utilized wireless technologies, cannot catch the capacity demand. The reports from various telecommunication companies forecast a capacity crisis e.g., Cisco reported that the global mobile data traffic has grown 4.000-fold over the past decade and nearly 400-million fold over the past 15 years [3]. No question this capacity demand triggered both academic [4], [5] and industrial [6], [7] attention and started efforts to find new methods and overcoming it. To meet this demand, network operators need to have access to more bandwidth, which stands for their major capital expenditure. For sure, the millimeter-wave communication in bands above 6 GHz (6 – 100 GHz) i.e., heterogeneous 5G networks can unlock the needed improvements in the area of cellular access, affordability, and network coverage – by making better use of aforementioned frequency spectrum. Nonetheless, challenges connected with communication in frequency spectrum allocated to the 5G deployments, such as path loss [8], severe shadowing [9], amplifier limitations [10], and power consumption [11] by high speed digital signal processing units need to be addressed carefully. 5G Extreme Mobile Broadband Massive machine communication Critical machine communication >10 Gbps peak data rates 10-100 more devices M2M ultra low cost 10 years on battery Ultra reliability < 1 ms radio latency 10 000 x more traffic 100 Mbps whenever needed Fig. 1. 5G architecture: A system of systems. As discussed above, 5G mmWave communication wire- less channels will offer more than ten times higher channel width with respect to cellular channels in today’s Long-Term Evolution (LTE) mobile systems. Since the wavelengths are shrinked by an order of magnitude at mmWave in compar- ison with 4G microwave frequencies, diffraction and ma- terial penetration will bring higher attenuation levels, thus elevating the importance of Line-of-Sight (LOS) propagation, reflection, scattering, massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and beamforming. Therefore, the accurate propa- gation and channel models are the must for design of new mmWave communication scenarios. Following this, over the past years, measurements and models for different scenarios have been proposed and presented by research group across the globe [12], [13], [14]. The thorough analysis of wireless communication systems and technologies requires accurate knowledge of the channels over which the systems (will) operate – system designs rely on the accurate channel models in all cases. Due to the relative immaturity of channel models for mmWave communication, 978-1-5386-6984-6/18/$31.00 c 2018 IEEE