Case Report Late Isolated Central Nervous System Relapse from Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review Tiago Biachi de Castria, 1 Sylvia Regina Quintanilha Rodrigues, 2 and Maria del Pilar Estevez Diz 1 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, 251 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, 01246-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 455 Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, 01246-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Tiago Biachi de Castria; tiagobiachi@yahoo.com.br Received 5 August 2014; Revised 4 November 2014; Accepted 4 November 2014; Published 18 November 2014 Academic Editor: Kaei Nasu Copyright © 2014 Tiago Biachi de Castria et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Central nervous system involvement by ovarian serous adenocarcinoma is rare. We report a case of a 60-year-old woman that developed brain metastasis as isolated site of relapse 4.5 years ater a complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy for a stage Ic disease. She proceeded to a craniotomy with resection of the lesion and, subsequently, to a whole brain radiotherapy. Nineteen months later, she developed carcinomatous meningitis as isolated site of recurrence. Patient was submitted to intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate; however, she died from progressive neurologic involvement disease few weeks later. 1. Introduction Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in United States: in 2014, 24,000 new cases and 14,000 deaths are expected [1]. Worldwide 240,000 new cases and 150,000 deaths were expected in 2012 [2]. Despite being a rare disease when compared to other tumors and treatment improvement with chemotherapy, mortality from ovarian cancer has remained high over the past 4 decades (5-year survival rate 33% in 1975 and 45% in 2006) [1]. Late diagnosis and recurrence are common in epithe- lial ovarian cancer (EOC); however, central nervous sys- tem (CNS) is the site of recurrence in only 1-2% of the cases [3, 4]. Usually, relapses occur through peritoneal or lymphatic spread and rarely hematogenous dissemination beyond abdominal caveat is present. Among patients who developed isolated brain metastases (BM), 75% occur in advanced tumors (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO III-IV), which can be explained by the control of abdominal disease by current regimens of chemotherapy with low CNS penetration [3]. Since BM from EOC is a rare condition, medical knowl- edge is limited to case reports or series of patients and less than 600 cases are documented to date in the literature [5]. Once systemic treatment is improving survival in meta- static patients and, probably, treating with more eicacy micrometastatic disease in adjuvant scenario, CNS metastasis (CNSm) from EOC is likely to have more relevance in clinical practice in the future. herefore, it becomes important to understand this condition, to estimate prognostic factors and to determine the intensity of local and systemic treatment. 2. Case Report he patient is female, 60y, with no comorbidities, with a 2- month history of abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. She was submitted to proctosigmoidoscopy and computerized tomography (CT) scans of abdomen and pelvis that revealed an iniltrative lesion in anal canal and a right adnexal mass with no evidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis or lymph nodes enlargement. A transvaginal ultrasound conirmed Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 2014, Article ID 297307, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/297307