IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 12, Issue 7 Ver. I (July. 2018), PP 12-20 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/2402-1207011220 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page Influence of Place Identity and Place Dependence on Resilience Towardsboko Haraminsurgency among Maiduguri Residents in Borno State, Nigeria Hauwa Mai Butu 1 , Ahmad Hariza Bin Hashim 2 , Nobaya Ahmad 3 1, 2, 3 Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 1 Department of Estate Management & Valuation, School of Environmental studies Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Hauwa Mai Butu Abstract. Generally the importance of a place of residence becomes paramount to itshabitants during lose and hard times. The economic viability of a place and self-reference to a place which depends on how individuals appreciate and express themselves in relation to their settings can increase residents’ consciousness of a specific place.It is in this vein that this study aimstoexaminewhether place identity, place dependence, age, gender,length of stay, income and occupationinfluences resiliencetoward Boko Haram insurgency in Maiduguri.Place attachment and resilience theory was used for this study. The study is unique in having investigated place identity, place dependence and other demographic characteristics on the survival of residents been troubled by terrorism. Though other studies have dealt mainly with areas of threat dueto natural disasters, this presentstudy,examine a particular neighbourhood that is subject to terrorist attacks for the past 8 years.This paper relies on a cross-sectional data, with a sample size of 383, using convenient sampling technique.The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant and positive relationship between place identity and place dependence on resilience, while, age and length of stay indicated positive and insignificant.Incomeon the other hand, shows negative and insignificantrelationship with resilience. The results of the Multiple Linear Regression analysis revealed that, place identity and place dependence are significant predictor of resident’s resilience towards Boko Haram insurgent. This is an indication that, in spite of the conflicts and casualties, the residents did not regard their neighbourhood as being too hazardous and were holding on to the neighbourhood as a place they are identified with and depend on as a source of their livelihood. Keywords: Resilience, Resident’s, Insurgency, Place Identity, Place Dependence,Maiduguri, Borno State. Corresponding Author: Ahmad Hariza Bin Hashim 2 (ahariza@upm.edu.my ) Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia. +60133398274 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 30-06-2018 Date of acceptance: 17-07-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction It is obvious that place of residence remains the main source of people‟s identity and a source of dependence to many, people occupy certain places, for a certain reason and different purpose, as an individual or collectively. The suitability of a place to fulfill one's functional needs signifies place dependence (Suntikul, & Jachna, 2016). However, the insecurity rebellion of the Boko Haram insurgencehas become a main issue to individual life and source of disturbances to place of residence in Borno state. Boko Haram is a group of individual who are allegedly anti-Western education(Ezeibe, 2009). The word “Boko Haram” ordinarily refers to “Western education is sin” (Ikenga and Efebeh 2013; Nwanegbo and Odigbo, 2013; Pérouse De Montclos, 2014; Obi, 2015). The origin of Boko Haram can be traced to the extremepropaganda of Mallam Abubakar Kilakam, an indigene of the Niger Republic, wholive in Maiduguri, Borno state. Mallam Abubakar Kilakam promulgated an anti-government message that led to his arrest and subsequent deportation to Niger republic (Alegbeleye, 2014). The Boko Haramsect,arose under the control of Mohammed Yusuf (Obi, 2015) whoin 2003, led the sect in movement, which promoted a conventional doctrine that is different and conflictingwith the Nigerian secular state referring to it as immoral and un-Islamic (Odo, 2014). Generally, the sect strongly advocates for the abrogation of any form of western education and culture.Members of the group were mostly idle and jobless Nigerian youths from the northeastern part of the country and war refugees across the boundaries from Chad, Mali, Sudan, and Libya (Ikechukwu, 2014). The activities of the sect had not been noticed by many Nigerians and the worldwide until July 2009, when the group had a clash with security operatives resulting in the death of its leader Mohammed Yusuf (Odo, 2014). Following the death of Yusuf, series of deadly attacks were launched oninnocent citizen, public places,