Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 8(15) December 2014, Pages: 1-8 AENSI Journals Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences ISSN:1995-0772 EISSN: 1998-1090 Journal home page: www.aensiweb.com/ANAS Corresponding Author: Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi, Babylon University, Science Faculty-Biology Department, Iraq. Mobile: 00964 780 8530088; E-mail: dr.dahmoshi@yahoo.com Investigation of Hematological Changes, Serum TNF-α and IFN-γ Level among Inadvertent radium-226( 226 Ra) Irradiated Person in Hilla City, Nader 3 District, Iraq. 1 Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi, 1 Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi, 2 Sharif Fadhil Al-Alawachi, 1 Noor Salman Kadhim Al-Khafaji 1 Babylon University, Science Faculty-Biology Department, Iraq. 2 Merjan Medical City-Oncology Center and Radiotherapy institute and N.M. hospital. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 10 September 2014 Received in revised form 23 October 2014 Accepted 15 November 2014 Available online 20 November 2014 Keywords: Radium, Hematology, TNF-α, IFN-γ Background: The purpose of present bio-screening study was to detect the relationship and correlation between the TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ level and hematological changes among inadvertent radium-226( 226 Ra) irradiated person. Patient and Method: Forty two blood samples were collected from inadvertentradium-226( 226 Ra) irradiated person. The control group was comprised of healthy with no history of irradiation. Sandwich ELISA used according manufacturer's instructions to detect inflammatory cytokines. Statically, T-test was used to determine the significant differences between groups. Result: A high level significantly increasing was found in serum TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ in inadvertent radium irradiated person when compared with control group.The different age of groups don’t show any significant differences in inflammatory cytokine serum level. The results reveal negative correlation between TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ and all of complete blood count. Conclusion: Radium irradiation can cause change in pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ) serum level, the significantly increasing level of TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ in different age group as compare with control suggests using them as surrogate biomarker for irradiation and the present study suggest using tiny doses of radium to induce TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ interleukins (as immune stimulator). © 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Alaa Tareq Shakir Al-Hassnawi, Hussein Oleiwi Muttaleb Al-Dahmoshi, Sharif Fadhil Al-Alawachi, Noor Salman Kadhim Al-Khafaji., Investigation of Hematological Changes, Serum TNF-α and IFN-Ȗ Level among Inadvertent radium-226(226Ra) Irradiated Person in Hilla City, Nader 3 District, Iraq. Adv. in Nat. Appl. Sci., 8(15): 1-8, 2014 INTRODUCTION Radiumis naturally occurring silvery white radioactive metal (atomic number 88) that is formed from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium.It can exist in several isotopes, radium-226( 226 Ra), radium- 228( 228 Ra), radium-224( 224 Ra), and radium-223 ( 223 Ra). Ra 226 and Ra228 are the isotopes of primary environmental concern because their half-life of Ra 226 is about 1600 year, and half-life for 228 Ra is about 6 years (Fan, A.M. and G.V. Alexeeff, 2006). Radiumand its decay products exhibit Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation. The hazards from exposure to these forms of radiation can occur in two ways: by external irradiation outside of the body and internal that has been inhaled or ingested or absorbed through the skin. When it is inside human body it represents a highly biological hazard by acting as mutagen factor (Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Canada, 2012). The identified internally deposited Radiumnuclides that emit alpha particles as group I carcinogens, meaning first class of substances non to cause cancers in human (Al-Hamadany, W.S., 2011). In general acute and chronic effect of Radiumis believed to be consequences of radiation emitted from the radio nuclide itself and its progeny. The toxicological effects in human from hematological, bone, kidney damage, immunological and developmental effects and cancer (Fan, A.M. and G.V. Alexeeff, 2006). In Iraq the radiation pollution levels increased science war time of Gulf war I (1990-1991) followed by Gulf war II (2003) such as the Uranium, Radium and others as a result of destroying, looting and breaking of many institution, establishment and research centers, causing the spreading and losing of many radiation sources, making ordinary people prone to radiation without warning (Al-Hamadany, W.S., 2011). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine whose role is established in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid disease and Crohn’s disease. It binds to two receptors 55 KD and 75 KD proteins. This binding setup a number of signal transducing mechanisms that leads