Revista Jurídica vol. 02, n°. 51, Curitiba, 2018. pp. 99-112 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6828896 _________________________________________ 99 NEUROSCIENCE AND FREE WILL: NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE LEGAL FIELD NEUROCIÊNCIA E LIVRE-ARBÍTRIO: NOVOS DESAFIOS PARA O CAMPO JURÍDICO JOSÉ EDMILSON DE SOUZA-LIMA PhD in Environment and Development. Researcher and professor of the Master's Degree in Law at UNICURITIBA. AUGUSTUS BONNER COCHRAN, III Adeline A. Loridans Professor of Political Science at Agnes Scott College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He is author of Sexual Harassment and the Law: The Mechelle Vinson Case (University Press of Kansas, 2004) and Democracy Heading South: National. Politics in the Shadow of Dixie (University Press of Kansas, 2001). He received his. BA from Davidson College, MA from Indiana University, PhD from the University of North Carolina, all in political science, and holds a JD in law from Georgia State University. ABSTRACT The debate involving neuroscience and free will tends to accentuate two positions, a (bio) determinist, anchored in Neuroscience; and another (partner) determinist, anchored in the sciences of the spirit. Without pretense of wanting to close the debate, the present essay aims to present another perspective of analysis of this phenomenon, since it calls for new studies, new research and new deepening. To do so, it assume, as references the environmental sciences (NORGAARD, 1994; SOUZA-LIMA, 2014) and the sciences of complexity (MORIN, s/d). The main conclusion is that brain and processes of hominization are inseparable. In all past and present attempts to treat them as separate domains, they have not production high-yield results for the dialogue