Research Article Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Behavior among University Students in Ambo, Central Ethiopia: Implication to Improve Intervention Zekariyas Sahile, 1 Mulugeta Mekuria, 1 and Abenezer Yared 2 1 Department of Public Health Oicer, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia 2 Department of Sociology and Social Work, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Zekariyas Sahile; zsahile@yahoo.com Received 18 April 2015; Accepted 1 June 2015 Academic Editor: Norbert Hermann Brockmeyer Copyright © 2015 Zekariyas Sahile et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Ethiopia has one of the lowest HIV prevalence rates in East Africa, but there are still more than one million people estimated to be living with HIV in Ethiopia. his study was aimed at assessing the comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among university students. Methodology. A cross-sectional comparative study was done with quantitative and qualitative data collection with a stratiied sampling technique. he quantitative data were edited, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS sotware version 20. Result. Both comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention method were higher in the intervention group (75.8% and 48.5%) than comparative group (68.6% and 42.5%) which had a signiicant diference ( < 0.05). Life time sexual intercourse was higher in the intervention group (40.8%) as compared to the comparative group (34.6%). But sexual condom utilization in the past 12 months was higher in the intervention group (73.2%) as compared to the comparative group (56.9%) which had a signiicant diference ( < 0.05). Similarly, history of sexual transmitted disease report was higher in the comparative group (6.3%) as compared to the intervention (4.6%). Among sexual experience respondents in the last 12 months, 32% of them in the intervention and 35.5% of them in the comparative group have had multiple sexual partners. Conclusion. he intervention group had higher comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS and condom utilization. But a higher percentage of students were engaged in risky sexual behavior. herefore, emphasis should be given on designing diferent strategy to reduce risky sexual behavior and increase comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. 1. Introduction HIV/AIDS is recognized as one of the major public health issues as well as the development problem in Ethiopia since the mid-1980 [1]. he impact of HIV/AIDS goes beyond public health concerns because it primarily afects adult population in the productive and reproductive age groups as such in its endemic stage, it undermines the social and economic structure of developing countries [2]. he national HIV prevalence data in the general popu- lation results from the 2005 Ethiopia Demography Health Survey (EDHS) indicates that 1.4% of Ethiopian adults aged 15–49 were infected with HIV and data from 2011 EDHS shows a prevalence of 1.5% ranging from 4.2% in urban population to 0.6% in rural population. Only one-quarter of young women and one-third of young men have a compre- hensive knowledge of AIDS, meaning that they know the two major methods for preventing HIV transmission, know that a healthy-looking person can be HIV-positive, and reject the two most common misconceptions about HIV/AIDS [3, 4]. Higher education institutions (HEI) in Ethiopia host young people aged between 19 and 24 years. his age group is oten sexually active and among the most vulnerable and at risk of HIV infection. Millions of young people in Ethiopia in general and adolescents and youth in Higher Education Institutions in particular are at high risk of infection from HIV and other sexual and reproductive (SRH) problems. hus, HIV/AIDS and SRH intervention in HEI are addressed Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Volume 2015, Article ID 890202, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/890202