WORLD SCIENCE ISSN 2413-1032 http://ws-conference.com/ № 7(35), VoХ.2, July 2018 49 ǪǟǬǺǪǶǸǭǵǵȇ ǷǸǶǬǻDzǺǰǪǵǶǹǺǟ ҐǸǻǵǺǟǪ Ǫ ǷǸǰǸǶǬǵǰǽ ǺǨ ǪǰǸǶǩǵǰǿǰǽ ǻǴǶǪǨǽ ɉɪɟɞɨɥяɤ Ɉ. Ɇ., ɤ. ɫ.-ɝ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɨɦ Ʉɪɭɝɥɢɤ С. Ƚ., ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤ ɇаɝɨɪɧа Ɉ. ȼ., ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɿɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɉɥɨɬɧіɰьɤа А. ȼ., ɦɨɥɨɞɲɢɣ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɣ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ, Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɚ ɨɛɥ.. Ʉɢєɜɨ-ɋɜɹɬɨɲɢɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɪ-ɧ., ɫɦɬ. Чɚɛɚɧɢ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɛɿɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɿɹ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ȺɉɄ DOI: https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/12072018/6012 ARTICLE INFO Received: 10 May 2018 Accepted: 15 June 2018 Published: 12 July 2018 ABSTRACT It was investigated the effect of long fallow and systematic minimizing tillage on organic matter in soils and its potential renewing ability. It was investigated the factors of influence on the mineralization and humification of soil organic matter. Using of energy-saving technologies and alternative organic fertilizers increases soil organic matter and gives the results close to the fallow values. It was found that soil fertility performance to the fallow levels are possible with prolonged use of organic fertilizers and minimize soil tillage. KEYWORDS Soil organic matter; biologization of agriculture; humus; potential humus renewing ability; fallow; tillage systems; fertilization variants. Citation: ɉɪɟɞɨɥɹɤ Ɉ. Ɇ., Ʉɪɭɝɥɢɤ ɋ. Ƚ., ɇɚɝɨɪɧɚ Ɉ. ȼ., ɉɥɨɬɧɿɰɶɤɚ Ⱥ. ȼ. (2018) Vidtvorennia Produktyvnosti Gruntiv v Pryrodnykh ta Vyrobnychykh Umovakh. World Science. 7(35), Vol.2. doi: 10.31435/rsglobal_ws/12072018/6012 Copyright: © 2018 ɉɪɟɞɨɥяɤ Ɉ. Ɇ. Ʉɪɭɝɥɢɤ ɋ. Ƚ. ɇɚɝɨɪɧɚ Ɉ. ȼ. ɉɥɨɬɧіɰɶɤɚ Ⱥ. ȼ. This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. ȼɫɬɭɩ. Ɋɨɞɸɱɿɫɬɶ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸєɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɿɝɭ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧ ɿ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ «ʉɪɭɧɬ-ɪɨɫɥɢɧɚ». ɉɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɪɨɞɸɱɿɫɬɶ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭєɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɛɿɨɝɟɨɰɟɧɨɡɿ ɱɢ ɚɝɪɨɰɟɧɨɡɿ. ɉɪɹɧɿɲɧɿɤɨɜ Ⱦ. Ɇ. (1963) ɜɿɞɦɿɱɚɜ, ɳɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹ «ɪɨɞɸɱɿɫɬɶ» ɧɟɜɿɞ’єɦɧɟ ɜɿɞ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɪɨɞɸɱɿɫɬɶ – ɰɟ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɦɨɜ ʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ, ɚ ɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ʀʀ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɿɜ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ Д5, ɫ. 35Ж. ɇɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɨɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ ɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɸɱɨɫɬɿ є ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɚ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɚ, ɹɤɚ ɧɚ 85–90 % ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɝɭɦɭɫɨɦ. ȼɨɧɚ ɜɩɥɢɜɚє ɦɚɣɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɪɨɞɸɱɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɭ ʉɪɭɧɬɿ ɧɚ ɟɬɚɩɿ Ɇɚɥɨɝɨ ɛɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɨɨɛɿɝɭ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɣ ɲɥɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɶ, ɳɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚєɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɬɹɦ «ɝɭɦɭɫɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ» Д8, ɫ. 1]. ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨʀ ɟɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ є ɧɚɡɟɦɧɚ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧɧɚ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɿ ɜɡɚєɦɨɞɿɸɬɶ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɿ ɡ ɨɬɨɱɭɸɱɢɦ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɟɦ, ɭ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɡ ʉɪɭɧɬɨɦ. ɐɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɿ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɜ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɟɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɤɨɪɟɧɿɜ ɪɨɫɥɢɧ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɨʀ ɦɿɤɪɨ- ɿ ɦɟɡɨɮɚɭɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɜɨɦɭ ɲɚɪɿ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ Д3, ɫ. 43]. Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧ, ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɨʀ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ʉɪɭɧɬɭ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɲɬɨɤ ɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ʀɯ ɩɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ