EFFECT OF SURFACE WETTABILITY AND GAS/LIQUID VELOCITY RATIO ON
MICROSCALE TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERNS
Hongxia Li, Charles C. Okaeme, Weilin Yang, TieJun Zhang*
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
P.O.BOX 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Email: tjzhang@masdar.ac.ae
ABSTRACT
Predicting and controlling the flow regime transition of
multiphase fluids in microchannels is essential for various
energy applications, such as flow boiling, de-emulsification and
oil recovery processes. This in turn requires a better
understanding of multiphase flow behaviors in microchannels
with various channel surface wettability, fluid interfacial tension
and flow rates. In this paper, experiments and Lattice Boltzmann
method (LBM) simulations are carried out to study complicated
multiphase flow at micro or meso scales. With the Shan-Chen
multiphase LBM model, the flow pattern transitions of adiabatic
two phase flow in a microchannel were investigated. The effects
of surface wettability and liquid/gas velocity ratio on the flow
regime transition were further studied. A series of two-phase
flow experiments were conducted on a PDMS microfluidic
device under different gas/oil velocity ratios. Under various
surface wettability conditions, our simulation results agree well
with the flow visualization experiments equipped with a high
speed camera (HSC). Our finding shows that the cross-section
meniscus curve width, corresponding to the shadow in the HSC
photo, increases with decreasing contact angle, which was
confirmed by the simulated liquid/gas distribution. Besides the
influence of surface wettability, the role of gas/liquid velocity
ratio on two-phase flow regime transition was discussed in
detail. The proposed approach paves the way to probe
complicated physics of multiphase flows in microporous media.
INTRODUCTION
Two phase flows especially at the micro scale are playing a
critical role in applications such as electronic cooling, oil/gas
processing and chemical reactors [1][2][3][4]. It is essential to
flow in porous media study. So a better understanding of the
behavior of two phase flow inside microchannels is crucial for
successful design and operation of functional multiphase
microfluidic systems. The configuration of these two-phase flow
patterns depends on several factors including fluid flow rates,
fluid properties, channel geometry, surface properties and so on
[5][6].
In order to understand how various factors affect the two-
phase flow behavior, many researchers [5-10] have performed
experimental studies to observe the various flow regimes
common in microchannel two-phase flows and analyze the
effects of changing flow properties on the flow regimes.
Early experimental work by Suo and Griffith [5] identified
slug, slug-bubbly, and annular flow patterns in horizontal
channels with 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm diameters. Similar work was
performed by Kawahara et al [7] using nitrogen gas and de-
ionized water in circular microchannels of 100 um. Furthermore,
Triplett et al[8] developed flow pattern maps of different flow
patterns such as bubbly, churn, slug, slug-annular and annular
flow using gas and liquid superficial velocities as coordinates.
In another study, Dreyfus [9] showed that the role of the
wetting properties of the fluids with respect to the walls crucially
determines the two-phase flow pattern. Chung et al [10]
investigated the effect of channel geometry on gas-liquid two-
phase flow characteristics in horizontal microchannels using
water-nitrogen gas mixture in a 96 μm square microchannel and
compared the resulting flow patterns with those in a 100 μm
circular microchannel. They reported that the flow maps
exhibited transition boundaries that were shifted depending on
the channel shape. Sur and Liu [11] studied the effects of
channel size and superficial phasic velocity on the two-phase
flow pattern and pressure drop of air-water flow in circular
microchannels with three different diameters (100, 180 and 324
μm).
It is known from the literature that many conditions affect the
two-phase flow patterns in microchannels. However, no
consensus has been reached on the exact conditions for flow
regime transition. Especially the effect of surface wettability is
Proceedings of the ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer
MNHMT2016
January 4-6, 2016, Biopolis, Singapore
MNHMT2016-6383
1 Copyright © 2016 by ASME