Astrid Röpke 1 , Tanja Zerl 1 , Klára Fischl 2 , Tobias L. Kienlin 1 1 University of Cologne (Germany), 2 University of Miskolc (Hungary) From floors to middens and back again - Life on the Bronze Age tell Borsodivánka-Nagyhalom (Hungary) References Kienlin, T.L., Fischl, K.P., Pusztai,T. (2018) Borsod Region Bronze Age Settlement (BORBAS). Catalogue of the Early to Middle Bronze Age Tell Sites Covered by Magnetometry and Surface Survey. 281 pp., Bonn. Many Bronze Age tells have been documented in the Borsod plain between the Bükk mountains and the Tisza river (Kienlin et al. 2018). In this study we focus on se- quences of the Bronze Age tell in Borsodivánka (Fig. 1 and 2) surrounded by a swampy area close to the Tisza flood plain. The habitation mainly belongs to the Füzesa- bony culture with a presettlement phase dating back to the Late Neolithic /Copper Age. Fig. 3A: Upper floor sequence with informal floors and matting. Fig. 4B: Cup and a wagon wheel Model (Late Füzesabony culture). Fig. 4A: Construction of middens: Waste deposits were sealed with calcareous sediment and layers of Poaceae. Undisturbed sequences offer the opportunity to gain information on every day life. Micromorphology, geo- chemistry, archaeobotany, archaeozoology and arch- aeology were combined to characterise activities and site formation processes. Furthermore, these analyses allow us to detect changes of use in space and time as well as might yield some cultural, agricultural and palaeoenvironmental information. ● Informal (earthen) floors with repeated matting (Fig. 3C1) com- posed of reed (Phragmites australis) (Fig. 3C2). ● Five reed layers could be identified at a depth of 3 cm. ● Fragmented/broken phytolith layers possibly caused by trampling (Fig. 3C4). ● This sequence is characterized by low amounts of macro- and micro remains (charred seeds, charcoal, phytoliths and bones) indicating that the floors were cleaned. ● The material of the Late Füzesabony culture is well preserved Complete pots and cups were recovered (Fig. 3B). ● Multi-layered waste, rich in apatite (Fig. 4C2) (P2O5: 8565 ppm), derived from herbivore dung, was repeatedly sealed with plant material (mostly Phragmites australis) and calcareous sediment (Fig. 4C1). ● Layers of plant material are silicified (Fig. 4C4), phytoliths of Poaceae have been dissolved (alkaline conditions) (Fig. 4C1). ● Fish scales (Fig. 4B4) and bones, cattle bones, molluscs, mineralised macrobotanical remains (Fig. 4C3), charcoal, ash, vitrified and burnt material are included. ● The waste layers include many well preserved archaeological finds from the Füzesabony culture (Fig. 4B). First floor sequence ● Well prepared floors made out of calcareous sediment (Fig. 5C1) alternate with household dirt (Fig. 5C4). ● Floors are tempered with threshing remains (shown by articu- lated dendritic elongates) (Fig. 5C2). ● Trampled household dirt includes charcoal, bones and phyto- liths (Fig. 5C4) as well threshing remains from Triticum mono- coccum and Galium spurium (Fig. 5C3). ● Pieces of pottery from the Late Füzesabony culture occur in the foundation layer as well as in the household dirt. Some sherds in the underlying cultural layer belong to the Hatvan culture and Late Neolithic/Calcolithic period(Fig.5B). This interdisciplinary approach of archaeology in con- junction with archaeozoological, archaeobotanical and micromorphological analyses opens up possibilities for us to distinguish activities on the Bronze Age Tell. First floor sequence: It is composed of well prepared calcareous floors with vegetal temper. The mineralogical composition and grain size distribution is not comparable to the soil underneath the tell. The floors were made with care being almost clean. The occurrence of macrobota- nical remains and phytoliths of the morphotype dendritic elongates bear evidence of cereal processing. Middens: During this episode the area is an open space used as middens. The settlers developed a kind of waste management using Poaceae (mostly reed) and calcareous sediments to seal the waste. This technique implies that people where nearby and possibly wanted to keep away vermin and/or walk on it. The diversity of waste let us assume that it does not belong to an indi- vidual household. It also proves that fish, molluscs and cattle were an important part of the subsistence stra- tegy, Triticum monococcum/dicoccon and Triticumdicoc- con/spelta is also evidenced. High amounts of apatite derived from herbivore dung suggests that animals were kept in direct vicinity to the tell. Upper floor sequences: This floor sequence differs distinctly from the first one. The floor building Fig. 3B: A cooking pot Cup (top) and lip of an amphora (bottom) (Late Füzesabony culture). Fig. 5A: First floor sequence with foundation layer above pre-tell cultural layer. Middens techniques change from formal to earthen floors. Soil from the vicinity is used to create floors and no intentional tempering is visible. On top of it, reed was used for matting. In thin section not much domestic refuse is detectable, which points to cleaning or re- newal. This is supported by low densities of macro- botanical remains. Acknowledgements We thank Tamás Pusztai (Hungarian National Museum, Budapest) for his support and organisation in Hungary. For scientific support we acknowledge Dr. Dagmar Fritzsch (Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany). Results and interpretation Introduction Fig. 2: Geodetical model of the Bronze Age tell Borsodivánka-Nagyhalom (Hungary). Fig. 1: Profile of the analysed tell sequence of Borsodivánka-Nagyhalom (Hungary). Fig. 5B: Sherds from the pre-tell cultural layer: Hatvan culture (top, middle) and Late Neolithic/ Copper Age (bottom). . Upper floor sequence Fig. 3C1: Informal floor with reed matting (PPL). Fig. 3C2: Reed matting: Articulated phyto- liths (keystone bulliforms) (PPL). Fig. 3C3: Fragment of glume base (l.) Triticum dicoccon and Phragmites australis phytolith (keystone bulliform) (r.). Fig. 3C4: Fragmented phytoliths probably caused by trampling (PPL). Fig. 4C2: Mulit-layered waste rich in apatite and phytoliths (PPL). Fig. 4C1: Silicified Poaceae layers(opa- que) with secondary calcite deposition (XPL). Fig. 4C3: Mineralised Lens (l.), Daucus carota (r.) and fish scales. Fig. 4C4: SEM-image: silicified Poaceae layer, epidemis and blocky cells. Fig. 5A1: Calcareous floor with vegetal temper evidenced by moldic voids (PPL). Fig. 5B2: Articulated phytoliths (Ceralia) in moldic voids (PPL). Fig. 5C3: Charred Galium spurium and Triticum monococcum (spikelet) from the foundation deposit (scale: 1 mm). 50 µm Fig. 5C4: Transitiion floor and household dirt. Horizontally orientated charcoal fragments (PPL). 5 cm 5 cm 5 cm