© 2018 JETIR April 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1804124 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 623 AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF SQUATS IN RAILWAY TRACK Dr. S. Suryanarayana 1 , K. Phani Rishitha 2 , J. Ravali Goud 3 , T. Vinay Kumar 4 1 Professor,Electronics and Communication Engineering, Geethanjali College Of Engineering and Technology 2 Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Geethanjali College Of Engineering and Technology 3 Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Geethanjali College Of Engineering and Technology 4 Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Geethanjali College Of Engineering and Technology Abstract- Safety violations due to ‘human errors or limitations’ and ‘equipment failures’ occasionally result in Train accidents. We know that the railway network of India is the biggest in south Asia and perhaps the most complicated in all over the world. Although the time table is perfect it is not at all possible to maintain it. And that’s why the train accidents are becoming more and more usual. So why not we add a kind of intelligence to the train engines itself so that it tries to avoid accidents. The main reason for this is due to the accidents that occur in the train. Though the railway department is trying to take actions to reduce such informal things but couldn’t see the face of success. To help out the department, we have designed this system. This approach is designed by a small guard trolley that runs in front of the train, consisting of crack sensor to identify track discontinuity. This information along with its location in the form of latitude & longitude is sent to the nearest control station through ZIGBEE and also to the authorized mobile through GSM. The trolley is equipped with LCD display which displays the GPS co-ordinates (latitude and longitude co- ordinates). Keywords- ZIGBEE, Global Positioning System(GPS),Global Systems for mobile(GSM),Liquid Crystal display(LCD). INTRODUCTION The Transportation of train always depends on the railway tracks (rails) only. If there is a track in rails, it creates the biggest problem. Most of the accidents in the train are caused due to cracks in the railway tracks, which cannot be easily identified by our naked eyes. Also it takes time to rectify the problem, we are using the crack detector robot, which will detects the crack in the rails and gives alarm. A robot is an apparently human automation, intelligent and obedient in nature but an impersonal machine. The robots have started to employ a degree of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their work and many robots required human operators, or precise guidance through their missions. Slowly, robots are becoming more autonomous. In the advanced system, the robot designed for finding the crack in the railway track with the help of sensor and the exact location of the railway crack information is send to the control section using Global System for mobile (GSM) and Global Position System (GPS) technology. The model explained over here increases safety and minimizes the accidents. The squats sensing circuit designed using IR sensors attached in front of the wheels to the guard train (trolley) detects the track discontinuity and informs to the control circuit i.e., controller which in order controls the movement of the guard train using DC motor and also reads the co-ordinates (latitude & longitude) data from the GPS receiver. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD. The same information is transmitted to the nearest monitoring station through the ZIGBEE technology and also to the authorized person’s mobile in the form of SMS through the GSM modem LITERATURE REVIEW In [1] The development of an efficient Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) system, with the aim of estimating the axle loads of railway vehicles in motion, is quite interesting from both an industrial and academic points of view such systems, with which the loading conditions of a wide population of running vehicles can be verified, are very important from a safety maintenance perspective. The evaluation of the axle load conditions is fundamental especially for freight wagons, more likely to be subjected at risk of unbalanced loads that may be extremely dangerous both for the vehicle running safety and the infrastructure integrity. In [2] squats and corrugation cause large dynamic forces between wheel and rails, leading to rapid deterioration of rapid quality. There is a strong need for improved detection and maintenance methods to treats such defects at reduced costs, and for better track design to avoid or retard occurrence of them. In [3] the prediction of impact forces caused by wheel flats requires the application of time-domain models that are generally more computationally demanding than are frequency-domain models. In [4] The development of an efficient Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) system, with the aim of estimating the axle loads of railway vehicles in motion, is quite interesting from both an industrial and academic point of view. Such systems, with which the loading conditions of a wide population of running vehicles can be verified, are very important from a safety and maintenance perspective. In [5] Today the railway are facing exposure of heavy loads, higher speeds and a very dense traffic. These days, for safe operation of rail traffic non- destructive inspection techniques with combined ultrasound and eddy current testing methods are used to detect damages on rails. In [6] Eddy current technique has been developed to enable identification and evaluation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defects. The ultrasound technique is aimed at measurements in the rail bulk volume, which are not feasible using through eddy current technique. In [7] Corrugation can be detected by simpler measurement with this method using a microphone in the cabin. It was also confirmed that the extent of corrugation can also be diagnosed by this method, in an experiment using a commercial railway line. In [8] Detection of rails defects are major issues for all rail workers around the world. Some of the most defects include worn rails, welding problems, internal defects, corrugations and initiated problems such as surface cracks, head checks, squats. If undetected or untreated these defects can lead to rail breaks and derailments.