BEPLS Vol 7 [5] April 2018 82 | P age ©2018 AELS, INDIA Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 7 [4] April 2018 : 82-86 ©2018 Academy for Environment and Life Sciences, India Online ISSN 2277-1808 Journal’s URL:http://www.bepls.com CODEN: BEPLAD Global Impact Factor 0.876 Universal Impact Factor 0.9804 NAAS Rating 4.95 ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Effects of Smoking on Triglyceride Level in Heart Patients in Islamabad Region, Pakistan Allah Nawaz Khan 1* , Niaz Ahmad 2 , Khalid Latif 3 , Humaira Yasmin 4 , Asad Ali 5 , Muhammad Akhlaq Mughal 6 1 Department ofLife Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Park Road، Islamabad, Pakistan 2 Department ofLife Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Park Road، Islamabad, Pakistan 3 Rural Health Centre Ghori Wala Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan 4 Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Park Road، Islamabad, Pakistan 5 Department ofLife Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Park Road، Islamabad, Pakistan 6 Department ofLife Sciences, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Park Road، Islamabad, Pakistan Correspondence Author: Allah Nawaz Khan (allah.nawaz@abasynisb.edu.pk: +92-333-9723968) ABSTRACT Concentration of carbon monoxide increases due to smoking of tobacco and ultimately affects the heart by decreasing the ability of the blood to carry the oxygen. In the meantime, nicotine present in tobacco smoke causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. By time, the cardiovascular system faces unusual "wear and tear". Serious health issues such as heart attacks, high blood pressure, blood clots, strokes, hemorrhages, aneurysms, and other disorders of the cardiovascular system are experienced by the people who uses to smoke. The increased Triglyceride (TG) level in heart patients samples due to smoking were identified by Cobas 6000potentiometric method, which is recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Low Triglyceride level was observed in 20 smokers, moderate TG level in 30 smokers and 50 smokers had high TG level. With the increase in smoking/day, the risk for stroke increases. The research indicated that those smokers who do exercise/walk, were less affected, while non exercised smokers were affected more. Same data obtained for those smokers who also do heavy diet, increased TG level recorded in their serum. Our study support necessity of an educational programs about the risks of smoking associated to cardiovascular disease. Keywords: HDL, LDL, TG,Smokers,Non-smokers,Potentiometric method Received 13.02.2018 Revised 19.03.2018 Accepted 21.04.2018 INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoke produces free radicals such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, promoting oxidative stress which induces endothelial damage. Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease is due to cigarette smoking, a powerful risk factor. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is directly linked with number of cigarettes smoked. Smoking cigarette is considered to be the second cause of death in the world [1], as it causes1/10 adult deaths or higher than 4.9 million deaths annually [2]. Nicotine present in tobacco smoke induces production of catecholamines which cause lipolysis and concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma increases which sequentially results in increased level of triglycerides and secretion of hepatic FFAs along with very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) in blood. Several major problems associated with smoking reported are fall in estrogen level which leads to decreased high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hyperinsulinaemia in smokers leads to increased cholesterol, increased level of Low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-c), VLDL-c and triglyceride(TG) due to decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase [3]. Experimental and clinical data by Craig et al (1989)reveals that exposure to cigarette smoke increases oxidative stress which is definitely act as powerful risk factor for dysfunction of cardiovascular system [4]. The risk for stroke increases as the number of cigarettes smoked increases [5]. Bed sterol, the Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), transports cholesterol to all parts of the body and high-density lipoprotein (HDL),also called "good cholesterol," accumulates fatty deposits