Abdurrahman Supardi Usman Lingkungan Hidup Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Redefinisi Relasi Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hak Asasi Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum Legality, ISSN: 2549-4600, Vol.26, No.1, Maret 2018-Agustus 2018, hlm. 1-16 1 LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM: REDEFINISI RELASI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN HAK ASASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM PERSPEKTIF NEGARA HUKUM Abdurrahman Supardi Usman Biro Hukum Kementerian Pertanian RI Jl. R. M. Harsono, No. 3 Jakarta Selatan abdurrahmansupardiusman@gmail.com Abstract Inspired by “Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects” (Christopher D. Stone, 1974) that popularized the doctrin: “environment as a legal subject”. This thesis was directly elaborating the relation between the constitutional aspect of the “state of law” and its admission of environmental rights, not just about the dimention of the philosophy of law but beyond of it: this thesis was discuss about the theoretical dimention of law and its relevance in Indonesia. At least there are two monumental cases in the world which were become the landmark case of environmental disputes resolution based of by the doctrin of ecocracy. In the dissenting opinion of the judge William O. Douglas in Sierra Club vs Morton’s case, United Stated of America (1972) and in the appeal decision of the Wheeler vs the Government of the provincial of Roja’s case, Ecuador (2011). Those cases had opened a new perspective in the legal proceeding that the environment had be approved as a legal person. In other words, the environment had recognized as a legal subject. Then, by using the conseptual approach and comparative of law approach, this thesis had elaborated the relevance of this doctrin: “The Environment as a Legal Subject” in Indonesian context then verified it with the related legal theories. Besides it all, in this thesis also discuss the relation between of the environmental legal protection and the state of law concept in the ecocracy and constitualism perspective framework. Hopefully this thesis would be the steping stone to realize the constitutionalisation the environment rights and to realize the legal standing innovation in the environmental disputes resolution. Keywords: Environmental Law, Constitution, Ethics, Legal Standing Abstrak Terinspirasi oleh Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects (Christopher D. Stone, 1974) yang memopulerkan doktrin “lingkungan hidup sebagai subjek hukum” melalui bahasannya yang merombak pemikiran filsafat hukum. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi secara langsung relasi antara aspek konstitusional dari sebuah negara hukum (yang berorientasi pada Hak Asasi Manusia) dengan pengakuan hak asasi lingkungan hidup yang bukan hanya pada tataran filsafat, lebih jauh pada dimensi teoritis dan relevansinya di Indonesia. Secara global setidaknya terdapat dua kasus monumental yang menandai hadirnya pengaruh doktrin ekokrasi dalam memandang permasalahan hukum lingkungan. Dilacak dalam dissenting opinion hakim William O. Douglas atas kasus Sierra Club vs Morton,