Journal of HIV for Clinical and Scienti ic Research Citation: Sales-Peres SHC, Costa AH, Mapengo MA, Yamashita JM, Xavier CN, et al. (2014) Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Conditions among HIV Infected Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Mozambique. J HIV Clin Scientiic Res 1(1): 021-026. DOI: 10.17352/2455-3786.000005 021 eertechz Abstract Background: Malnutrition and weight loss are important characteristics in HIV/AIDS patients. The association between this type of pathology and oral health in HIV/AIDS patients maintains unclear in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and anthropometric conditions in adolescentstreated and non-treated with HIV infection in Maputo-MZ. Design: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the Maputo city, Mozambique in 2012. Methods: The random sample was composed of 143 adolescents from 15-19 years of age, attended to at the Medical Center Hospital and Pediatric Unit of Maputo Hospital. The adolescents were divided into two groups: HIV Group (HIVG) - adolescents with AIDS; Control Group (CG) - adolescents without HIV infection. The oral health conditions were collected by means of the DMFT index, the community periodontal index (CPI) and soft tissue, according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), by a calibrated researcher. Student’s t-Test and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results: The HIV group presented a higher degree ofdental caries (OR= 5.902; 95%CI=2.859- 12.188; p=0.000), a trend to lessperiodontal diseases(OR=1.318; 95%CI=0.662-2.624; p=0.540), higheralterations in the soft tissue (OR=0.216; 95%CI=0.057-0.811; p=0.030) and higher normal BMI (OR=0.498; 95%CI=0.252-0.987; p=0.066) than the CG group. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS patients are at major risk for dental caries or alterations of soft tissue and minor risk for periodontal diseases, even when on antiretroviral therapy. disease still occurs and appears to be more oten associated with failure or cessation of HIV treatments [8]. he treatment of human immunodeiciency virus (HIV) infection such as anti-retroviral medicines has resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of HIV patients.On the other hand, this therapy may interfere in the oral conditions, such as dental caries and xerostomy. Saliva has important roles in oral health and prevention of dental caries including clearance efects, bufering capacity, balancing de/remineralization, antimicrobial properties and production of antibodies [9]. he highly active antiretroviral therapy could interfere on the dental caries prevalence in HIV-infected patients [10]. However, there is insuicient data showing the relation between the rate dental caries, and taking highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). Moreover, the spread of the HIV pandemic in Africa and its impact on the nutritional status of sick children have triggered a secondary epidemic of severe malnutrition. he pathophysiology among severely sick malnourished children with AIDS and their Introduction Acquired Immune Deiciency Syndrome (HIV infection) is considered an important public health problem in developed and developing countries. Worldwide, there are approximately 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS and in Mozambique (2009), it was estimated that 11.5% among adults aged 15–49 years were afected [1,2]. According to the National Strategic HIV and AIDS Response Plan 2010–2014, multiple sexual partners alone with a low condom usage are the main causes of HIV infection in Mozambique and contribute to approximately 24% to 29% of all new HIVinfections in the country [3]. he oral lesions associated with HIV that may occur in over half of HIV/AIDS patients are well established. Among these lesions the most common are HIV gingivitis and periodontitis [4-6], fungal and other opportunistic infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma. he goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the suppression of viral replication. he evidence supports the use of three ARTagent combinationtherapies is optimal way to achieve this goal [7]. he combination ART has shown a reduction in the prevalence of some oral conditions, however, the presence of HIV-related periodontal Research Article Oral Health Status and Anthropometric Conditions among HIV Infected Adolescents on Antiretroviral herapy in Mozambique Sales-Peres SHC*, Costa AH, Mapengo MA, Yamashita JM, Xavier CN and Sales-Peres A Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenue Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75. Bauru-SP, Brazil Dates: Received: November 16, 2014; Accepted: December 03, 2014; Published: December 05, 2014 *Corresponding author: Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales Peres, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo. Avenue Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75. Bauru-SP 17012-901 Brazil, Tel: + 55 14 32358260; Fax :+ 55 14 32358260; E-mail: www.peertechz.com ISSN: 2455-3786 Keywords: Oral health; HIV/AIDS; Adolescent; antiretroviral therapy; Sub-Saharan Africa