197 13.1 Introduction The discipline of information science per deinition deals with data, information and knowl- edge, and the interrelationships between these concepts. There are many deinitions for these concepts, and it is not the purpose of this chapter to discuss different deinitions. There are a number of sub-disciplines in information science, inter alia information and knowledge management, information organisation and retrieval, information behaviour and seeking, information ethics, law, philosophy, politics and economics, digital libraries and repositories, indigenous information systems and indigenous knowledge, the information and knowledge society, etc. Common to all these sub-disciplines is that, in all cases, the relationship between data/information/knowledge, humans and (information and communication) technology is studied. In some cases the emphasis is on the relationship between all three components, in others between only two components, for example between humans and information, or between technology and information. Humans typically refer to end users, that is, the people that eventually use the information for work, leisure, study and so forth. Technology cur- rently refers mostly to information and communication technologies in the form of modern e-technologies, but information used to be and can still be organised and managed, etc., in paper-based and other formats. Each sub-discipline in information science has a number of different theories, and these are discussed in the literature in depth, and often quite acrimoni- ously with little consensus. A few examples are briely discussed in Section 13.2. Lexicography in essence also deals with data, information and knowledge (even though the deinitions of these concepts may differ from those of information science), humans and technol- ogy and the interaction between these three components. The data may be essentially data about words and words in combination with other words (for example collocations, ixed expressions and so forth). Humans are typically end users, as is the case in information science, and the tech- nology used may be ‘old’ technology (paper) or e-technology. There are a number of theories of lexicography and within these theories different approaches; this is discussed in more detail in this volume. Bothma, Gouws and Prinsloo (2016: 110) summarise this as follows: A modern general lexicographic theory should be anchored in three fundamental phases of the early development of lexicographic theory, see Gouws 2005, i.e. Zgusta’s 13 Lexicography and information science Theo J. D. Bothma