Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 22, No. 6, 1993 Coming Out and AIDS-Related High-Risk Sexual Behavior John Vincke, Ph.D., t,5 Ralph Bolton, Ph.D., 2 Rudolf Mak, M.D., 3 and Susan Blank 4 How the withdrawal of social support associated with the coming out of gay men influences AIDS-related sexual risk-taking among Flemish (Belgian) gay men is analyzed. Recruited via key persons, the 379 gay men in this nonclinical cohort completed a lengthy, computerized questionnaire dealing with diverse aspects of gay life and culture. Independent variables include demographic characteristics, AIDS knowledge, coming-out histories, six social support dimensions, and personal resources. The dependent variables were insertive and receptive anal intercourse with and without a condom. Stepwise regression explained, respectively, 41.2, 38.4, 18.4, and 14.2% of the variance. Absence of appraisal (the view that others approve of the way one does things or feels about things) led to higher frequencies of insertive anal sex (both with and without a condom). The experience of emotional conflict lowered the use of condoms by the insertive partner in anal intercourse. Disapproval by significant others of being gay also ted to higher levels of receptive anal intercourse without a condom. Subjects with a high belief in mastery had higher frequencies of risk-taking, suggesting that the combination of the experience of negative reactions and high mastery lead to greater involvement in risky sexual behavior. This research was funded by the AIDS Reference Center of Ghent State University, Ghent, Belgium. Additional support came from the Research Committee of Pomona College and the Commission for Educational Exchange between the United States of America, Belgium and Luxembourg. 1AIDS Reference Center, Ghent State University, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B9000 Ghent, Belgium. 2Department of Anthropology, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711-6361. 3Department of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Ghent State University, University Hospital, Block A, D e Pintelaan 185, B9000 Ghent, Belgium. 4212 Via Eboli, Newport Beach, California 92663. 5To whom correspondence should he addressed. 559 0004-0002/93/1200-0559507.00/0 © 1993PlenumPublishing Corporation