Relational Teaching and Learning After Loss: Evidence From Black
Adolescent Male Students and Their Teachers
Nora Gross
University of Pennsylvania
Cassandra Lo
Georgian Court University
Prior research shows that many teachers feel ill-equipped to deal with students experiencing loss, and teachers
of Black male adolescents, in particular, sometimes mistake grieving for misbehavior. This multimethod case
study investigated the way teachers and their Black male students at a single-sex school related around
encounters with loss. We examined students’ and teachers’ grief experiences through stories that were shared
during qualitative interviews and focus group meetings and by observing everyday interactions throughout the
school building. Additionally, a survey was distributed to the senior class and school staff asking respondents
to report their experiences with loss, grief, and relational support. We found that both groups shared a desire
to forge relationships for grief support and that both students and teachers also felt their emotional needs were
unacknowledged at times. We also documented many successful moments when the strength of a personal
bond between student and teacher eased the pain of a significant personal loss. In this article, we argue that
specific relational strategies, as outlined within the model of relational teaching and learning, can be effective
for supporting students through periods of grief and can, in turn, also positively impacts teachers’ own
recovery from loss. Furthermore, we propose that school psychologists can play a critical role in supporting
the relationship building between students and teachers, particularly in under-resourced schools without
enough mental health personnel.
Impact and Implications
This study suggests that relational teaching models greatly benefit students experiencing grief and
loss, particularly Black male high school students who are often labeled as “problems.” Our findings
show that school staff must be mindful and supportive in their interactions with grieving students,
which can positively impact schooling experiences for Black males. We also echo prior literature
calling for more professional training for teachers around grief support and discuss possibilities for
school psychologists within the relational teaching model.
Keywords: Black males, adolescents, relational teaching, grief support, loss
Grief and loss linger below the surface of many interactions in
schools (Ayers, 2014), particularly in low-income communities of
color where students bear an “unequal burden” of deaths of family
and friends due to the effects of structural racism and intergenera-
tional poverty (Smith, 2015; Umberson et al., 2017). Although
school-based mental health professionals are trained to support
students in these situations, under-resourced urban schools are
likely to lack these individuals in adequate numbers. This absence
leaves classroom teachers, who interact with students more regu-
larly, among the first to witness and respond to students’ loss and
grief. Our multimethod case study of an all-male high school in a
large urban school district examines practices of relational teach-
ing and learning for and among Black male students after loss
experiences. We seek to understand the desires of both students
and their teachers for relationships that allow for healing, as well
as the roadblocks that hinder these interactions. Through inter-
views, focus groups, ethnographic observations, and surveys of
both students and faculty, we investigated the daily interactions
between teachers and students that promoted and restricted the
well-being of grieving adolescent male students.
Grief and Loss in Schools
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying
the impact of trauma or loss in school contexts—such as the
special issue of English Journal (November 2017, Volume 107,
Issue 2) on death in the English classroom, the special issue of
School Mental Health (March, 2016, Issue 1) on trauma-informed
practices in schools, and this special section of School Psychology
Quarterly. Researchers in education, psychology, and social work
acknowledge the critical importance of understanding how stu-
dents’ losses outside of school might impact their academic lives,
Nora Gross, Graduate School of Education, and Department of Sociol-
ogy, University of Pennsylvania; Cassandra Lo, Department of Teacher
Education, School of Education, Georgian Court University.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nora
Gross, Graduate School of Education, and Department of Sociology, Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, McNeil #113, Philadelphia,
PA 19104. E-mail: ngross@gse.upenn.edu
This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.
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School Psychology Quarterly
© 2018 American Psychological Association 2018, Vol. 33, No. 3, 381–389
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