Changes of South Baltic Region Climate: Agroecological Challenges and Responses Galina M. Barinova, Evgeny Krasnov, and Dara V. Gaeva Contents Methodology and Methods ..................................................................... 1636 History .......................................................................................... 1637 Climate Change Dynamics ..................................................................... 1638 Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change ................................................... 1647 New Uncertainties and Needs .................................................................. 1648 Pollinator’s Drama ............................................................................. 1649 Modeling of Climate-Dependent Events in Agriculture ...................................... 1652 Geoinformational Databases: A New Strategy in Agricultural Management ................ 1654 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 1654 References ...................................................................................... 1654 Abstract In this chapter, the regional dynamics of climate change and the subsequent agricultural challenges and responses are discussed by referring to the Kaliningrad region of the Baltic coast and some neighboring areas. The impacts of temperature and fluctuations in precipitation are discussed in relation to grain-crop harvesting and yields and other green crop productions. Furthermore, we observe the connection between pests and diseases and climate change, which affects livestock breeding, arable farming, and human living conditions. Some forms of adaptation to climate-related events (flooding, soil erosion, selection of appropriate crops) are also presented. In the past, during the Soviet era, new uncertainties and consequently G.M. Barinova (*) Department of Geoecology, Baltic Federal University of Immanuel Kant, Kaliningrad, Russia e-mail: ecogeography@rambler.ru E. Krasnov • D.V. Gaeva Department of Geoecology, Kaliningrad, Russia e-mail: ecogeography@rambler.ru; ecogeography@rambler.ru # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 W. Leal Filho (ed.), Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-38670-1_17 1635