IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 4 | Issue 9 | February 2018 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 15 Energy Constraint Node Cache Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Kasula Raghu S. Srinivasa Rao Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering M.G.I.T, Hyderabad M.G.I.T, Hyderabad Abstract A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes capable of collecting information from the environment and communicating with each other via wireless transceivers. The collected data will be delivered to one or more sinks, generally via multi-hop meeting the needs of applications/users as the mobile nodes are battery limited. While satisfying the energy saving requirement, it is also necessary to achieve the quality of service. In case of emergency work, it is necessary to deliver the data on time. In order to achieve this requirement, Power-efficient Energy-Aware routing protocol is proposed that saves the energy by efficiently selecting the energy efficient path in the routing process. Keywords: Ad-Hoc Network, MANET, WSN, Quality of Service, Power-Efficient Energy-Aware Routing _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes capable of collecting information from the environment and communicating with each other via wireless transceivers. The collected data will be delivered to one or more sinks, generally via multi-hop communication. The sensor nodes are typically expected to operate with batteries and are often deployed to not-easily- accessible or hostile environment, sometimes in large quantities. Since the sensor energy is the most precious resource in the WSN, efficient utilization of the energy to prolong the network lifetime has been the focus of much of the research on the WSN. The communications in the WSN has the many-to-one property in that data from a large number of sensor nodes tend to be concentrated into a few sinks. Since multi-hop routing is generally needed for distant sensor nodes from the sinks to save energy, the nodes near a sink can be burdened with relaying a large amount of traffic from other nodes. Sensor nodes are resource constrained in term of energy, processor and memory and low range communication and bandwidth. Limited battery power is used to operate the sensor nodes and is very difficult to replace or recharge it, when the nodes die. This will affect the network performance. Energy conservation and harvesting increase lifetime of the network. Optimize the communication range and minimize the energy usage, we need to conserve the energy of sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are deployed to gather information and desired that all the nodes works continuously and transmit information as long as possible. This address the lifetime problem in wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes spend their energy during transmitting the data, receiving and relaying packets. Hence, designing routing algorithms that maximize the life time until the first battery expires is an important consideration. Designing energy aware algorithms increase the lifetime of sensor nodes. In some applications the network size is larger required scalable architectures. Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks has been the primary objective, but however, this constrain is not the only consideration for efficient working of wireless sensor networks. There are other objectives like scalable architecture, routing and latency. In most of the applications of wireless sensor networks are envisioned to handled critical scenarios where data retrieval time is critical, i.e., delivering information of each individual node as fast as possible to the base station becomes an important issue. It is important to guarantee that information can be successfully received to the base station the first time instead of being retransmitted. In wireless sensor network data gathering and routing are challenging tasks due to their dynamic and unique properties. Many routing protocols are developed, but among those protocols cluster based routing protocols are energy efficient, scalable and prolong the network lifetime .In the event detection environment nodes are idle most of the time and active at the time when the event occur. Sensor nodes periodically send the gather information to the base station. Routing is an important issue in data gathering sensor network, while on the other hand sleep-wake synchronization is the key issues for event detection sensor networks. The WSN is built of "nodes" from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. A sensor node might vary in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although functioning "motes" of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from a few to hundreds of dollars, depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodes. Size and cost