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BMC Nursing
Open Access
Research article
A national cross-sectional study on nurses' intent to leave and job
satisfaction in Lebanon: implications for policy and practice
Fadi El-Jardali*
1
, Hani Dimassi
2
, Nuhad Dumit
3
, Diana Jamal
4
and
Gladys Mouro
5
Address:
1
Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon,
2
School of
Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon,
3
School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut,
Lebanon,
4
Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon and
5
American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Email: Fadi El-Jardali* - fe08@aub.edu.lb; Hani Dimassi - hani.dimassi@lau.edu.lb; Nuhad Dumit - ny00@aub.edu.lb;
Diana Jamal - dj06@aub.edu.lb; Gladys Mouro - gm01@aub.edu.lb
* Corresponding author
Abstract
Background: Lebanon is perceived to be suffering from excessive nurse migration, low job satisfaction,
poor retention and high turnover. Little is known about the magnitude of nurse migration and predictors
of intent to leave. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of nurses' intent to leave and
examine the impact of job satisfaction on intent to leave. Intent to leave was explored to differentiate
between nurses who intend to leave their current hospital and those intending to leave the country.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to survey nurses currently practicing in Lebanese hospitals.
A total of 1,793 nurses employed in 69 hospitals were surveyed. Questions included those relating to
demographic characteristics, intent to leave, and the McCloskey Mueller Satisfaction Scale. Univariate
descriptive statistics were conducted on sample's demographic characteristics including gender, age,
marital status and educational level. Bivariate associations between intent to leave and demographic
characteristics were tested using Pearson Chi-square. Differences in satisfaction scores between nurses
with and without intent to leave were tested using t-test and ANOVA f-test. A multinomial logistic
regression model was created to predict intent to leave the hospital and intent to leave the country.
Results: An alarming 67.5% reported intent to leave within the next 1 to 3 years, many of whom disclosed
intent to leave the country (36.7%). Within nurses who reported an intent to leave the hospital but stay
in Lebanon, 22.1% plan to move to a different health organization in Lebanon, 29.4% plan to leave the
profession and 48.5% had other plans. Nurses reported being least satisfied with extrinsic rewards. A
common predictor of intent to leave the hospital and the country was dissatisfaction with extrinsic
rewards. Other predictors of intent to leave (country or hospital) included age, gender, marital status,
degree type, and dissatisfaction with scheduling, interaction opportunities, and control and responsibility.
Conclusion: Study findings demonstrate linkages between job satisfaction, intent to leave, and migration
in a country suffering from a nursing shortage. Findings can be used by health care managers and policy
makers in managing job satisfaction, intent to leave and nurse migration.
Published: 12 March 2009
BMC Nursing 2009, 8:3 doi:10.1186/1472-6955-8-3
Received: 29 October 2008
Accepted: 12 March 2009
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6955/8/3
© 2009 El-Jardali et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.