Danish Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, June, 2015, Pages: 14-29
Water Quality Management Information System Upstream Cairo Drinking Water Plants
M.A. Reda
1
, P.H.S. Riad
2
, H.A. El Gammal
3
,M.H. Abd El-Razik
4
, M.M. Nour El Deen
5
, A.A.M.Khalifa
6
Greater Cairo Water Company, Cairo, Egypt
(1)
, Assistant Professor of Irrigation and Hydraulic Dept., Faculty of
Engineering, Ain Shams University
(2)
,Associate Professor, National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water
Resources and Irrigation
(3)
, Professor of Sanitary and Enviromental Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Ain
Shams University Cairo, Egypt
(4).
, Professor of Irrigation and Hydraulic Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams
University Cairo, Egypt
(5). (6)
mohamedahmedreda@yahoo.co
(1)
, ph4318@yahoo.com
(2)
,elgammalhussein@gmail.com
(3)
, mharazik@hotmail.com
(4)
mhmdnour2@hotmail.com
(5)
,abdelkawi.khalifa@yahoo.com
(6)
Article Information Abstract
Article history:
Received: 9 May
Received in revised form: 21 May.
Accepted: 25 May
Available online: June
Keywords:
Surface Water
Drinking Water Plants
CWQI
MIKE
11 MCA
WQMIS.
Corresponding Author:
M.A. Reda
mohamedahmedreda@yahoom.com
© 2015 Danish Journals All rights reserved
Water is a precious resource essential for the well being of all living organisms.
However, water is under potential severe threats from all human activities.
Deteriorating water quality is a particular threat in countries with scarce water
resources as the case of Egypt. The limited amounts of rainfall make the country
dependent mainly on water from the Nile River which currently suffer from increasing
pollution caused by the discharging of agricultural drainage, untreated or partially
treated domestic and industrial wastewater. However, the management of river water
quality is a major environmental challenge. Cairo, sits on the River Nile south of the
Mediterranean Sea and just upstream of the point where the river widens into the Delta,
has an average reach length along the river about 50 km (from Km 900 to km 950
referenced to Aswan High Dam). This research covers Cairo governorate along the
River Nile, bounded by El Saff town at Km 877.00 from the South and El Kanater town
at Km 953.00 from the North. This area is of particular importance in the study of
surface water quality because; industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural and run-
off from developing areas were mixing with river flow and surrounding water body
thereby deteriorating the water quality. However, Cairo Drinking Water Plants
(CDWPs) that take their raw water source from Nile river to produce a potable water
with an average daily discharge of six million cubic meter need a particular attention
and continuous pursuance for their water source quality to prevent health hazards.This
study mainly aims to develop Water Quality Management Information System (WQMIS)
capable of proposing the required management scenarios to improve water quality
upstream Cairo Drinking Water Plants(DWPs) and control the pollution sources. The
work tasks can be divided into three phases. In the first phase water quality indices
(WQIs) were calculated using Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) developed by
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) in order to evaluate the
water quality upstream Cairo drinking water plants. In the second phase, the
mathematical model (MIKE 11) developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI),
Denmark) was formulated to simulate various water quality parameters. In the second
phase, different scenarios were also tested to predict water quality improvement. An
integrated evaluation framework is developed using analytical hierarchy process of
Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) that takes four indicators into account; technical,
environmental, economical and socio-community for evaluation and ranking various
water quality management scenarios. MCA for different scenarios showed that the
water quality management scenario focusing on treatment of DWPs sludge instead of
discharging it to Nile river is the most convenient scenario. In the third phase, The
Water Quality Management Information System (WQMIS) was constructed by using
Microsoft Visual C Sharp programming applications to store required data for
assessing and predicting the situation of the water quality status under current and
future conditions. The WQMIS is presented by developing a Graphical User Interface
(GUI). The GUI linked the database with water quality model in simple form to assist
the decision-maker analyzing the data. Several data entry screens are designed for user
input of the collected information in an appropriate and feasible database table.
Reporting and queries were also considered as main function of the database structure
and designed to permit viewing of data and performing simple statistical analysis in a
proper format. Based on the results of this study, the developed WQMIS can be used as
an effective tool to facilitate assessing , predicting water pollution and can provide
easier decision making process for achieve designated water quality objectives.
To Cite This Article: M.A. Reda, Greater Cairo Water Company, Cairo, Egypt
,
Danish journal of psychology, 14-29, 2015
1. Introduction
Water quality management has been identified as one of the elements of sustainable development, which aim to
achieve sustainable use of our water resources by protecting and enhancing their quality while maintaining
economic and social development. Water quality management involves the identification and assessment of
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http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1430072