g&l (print) issn 1747–6321
g&l (online) issn 1747–633x
g&l vol 12.3 2018 318–345
©2018, equinox publishing
https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.32522
Article
‘She don’t need no help’:
deconsolidating gender, sex and sexuality
in New Orleans bounce music
Christina Schoux Casey and Maeve Eberhardt
Abstract
New Orleans bounce music is a dance-oriented hip-hop form that has emerged
as a notably non-normative genre, in which queer Black bounce artists destabi-
lise binary cultural paradigms and emphasise queerness as inclusive and rela-
tional. We explore how fve artists’ lyrics and public personae actively refute the
consolidated, naturalised nexus of gender, sex, and sexuality by disentangling
each of the three strands from one another. In order to explore how this is accom-
plished, we created a corpus of bounce lyrics. We analysed lexical indices of
gender; self-positioning as feminine subjects; sexual subject–object positioning;
normalisation of sex between men; retention of masculine subjectivities; and
rejection of gender binarism. Further, the artists repeatedly expose the ubiqui-
tous nature of sex between men in their lyrics, working to assert its existence and
normalcy in the popular imagination. Te bounce artists we analyse expose and
articulate forms of deviance, expressing a blackness and queerness that insists
on making visible the humanity and sexuality of Black people and queer people.
Bounce music, made by queer people of colour, for an audience of predomi-
nantly poor, heterosexual women of colour, is a communitarian cultural labour.
keywords: hip-hop language; queer linguistics; markedness, masculinity;
gender binarism; new orleans
Afliations
Christina Schoux Casey: Aalborg University, Denmark.
email: casey@cgs.aau.dk
Maeve Eberhardt: University of Vermont, USA.
email: maeve.eberhardt@uvm.edu