132 EFEK MUSIK TERHADAP PRESTASI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH: STUDI KOMPARASI EFEK LAGU ANAK, DOLANAN JAWA, DAN MUSIK KLASIK Budi Raharja ISI Yogyakarta Abstract This study aimed to investigate effects of Indonesian children’s songs, Javanese children’s songs, and Western classical music as the musical backgrounds for the learning environments in the kindergartens on the students’ achievement. The study was conducted in the area of Sinduadi with a population comprising 45 students of TK ABA Kutu Asem, 35 students of TK Pertiwi Sinduadi, and 55 students of TK Tunas Muda Kutu Dukuh. The students were asked to listen to the tree types of songs, each for one month and were then given a test. To investigate the effect of each treatment, the pretest and posttest data were employed. The pretest was administered as a control before the treatment was given and the posttest to find out the effect of the treatment. The tests were administered to measure the students’ thinking ability and skills and the questionnaire to collect the data on the students’ environmental characteristics. The students’ achievement scores, the time to finish the pretest and posttest, and their characteristics were analyzed by (a) the paired-samples t-test at p < .05 using SSPS 12.0 for Windows to find out the effect of the treatment, and (b) the description of the students’ characteristics to interpret the meanings. The results of the study showed that Indonesian children’s songs and Javanese children’s songs had positive effects and Western classical music had negative effects. This showed that there was a correlation among the students’ musical environment, the musical treatment effect, and the students’ achievement. The treatment with music that the students were familiar with had positive effects or made them learn with comfort so that they were able to improve their achievement, but that with music that they were unfamiliar with made them unable to concentrate so that their achievement went down. Keywords: music, concentration, students’ achievement A. Pendahuluan Pembahasan efek atau pengaruh musik dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan akhir-akhir ini semakin menarik. Hol- den (2003: 914), mengutip pernyataan Jakobson, menyatakan bahwa pembe- lajaran musik formal dapat mempeng- aruhi ingatan verbal. Caranya menurut Campbell (2001: 217-219) kata-kata atau rumus-rumus yang ingin dihafal di- kemas dalam potongan atau kelompok kata, kemudian dilantunkan meng- gunakan irama musik. Waktu pagi hari sangat cocok untuk meningkatkan ingatan jangka pendek, sedangkan sore hari cocok untuk meningkatkan ingatan jangka panjang. Bermain instrumen musik juga mempunyai pengaruh po-