Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science
Research Article
MB Abubakar
1
*, RM Aliyu
1
and A Bello
2
1
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto - Nigeria
2
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Received: October 26, 2016; Published: December 28, 2016
*Corresponding Author: MB Abubakar, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto – Nigeria.
Prevalence of Antifungal-Resistance Among Fungal Agents Isolated in
Poultry-Feeds from Poultry Farms in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fungal agents isolated from poultry feeds for antifungal-resistance. A total
of 275 fungal isolates comprising of Aspergillus spp, (n = 135), Penicillium spp (n = 50), Rhizopus spp (n = 35), Fusarium spp (n = 20)
and Mucor (n = 35) isolated from poultry feeds in Sokoto state, Nigeria were screened for resistance to Fluconazole, Nystatin and
Voriconazole, using disk difusion method. The result shows that 12.7% of each fungal genera were susceptible to all the antifungal
agents tested. Resistance to at least one or more antifungal agent were expressed by 85.2% of the Aspergillus spp., 80% of Penicillium
spp. and 75% of Fusarium spp, with 51.9%, 70% and 50% of them showing multiple drug resistance to two or more antifungal agent
tested. Antifungal resistance was found to be expressed by all (100%) of Mucor and Rhizopus spp respectively, with > 70% showing
multiple drug resistance. The resitance was found to be more for fluconazole than Voriconazole. Regular mycological analysis of
poultry feeds shall be imposed to ensure quality and safety of poultry feeds in the study area.
Citation: MB Abubakar., et al. “Prevalence of Antifungal-Resistance Among Fungal agents Isolated in Poultry-Feeds from Poultry Farms
in Sokoto, Nigeria”. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science 1.1 (2016): 21-26.
Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 2016
Page 21 to 26
Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2016
© All Copy rights are reserved by MB Abubakar., et al.
Keywords: Antifungal-Resistance Fungal-agents; Multi-drug resistance; Moulds; Poultry-feeds
Introduction
The indiscriminate use of anti-fungal agents for the prevention of poultry diseases may contribute to the emergence of moulds and
yeasts that are resistant to these agents (Reis., et al. 2012). Poultry feed quality is an important pre-requesite for achieving optimal pro-
duction results and preservation of health condition of the birds (Abo-Shama., et al. 2015). Moulds and mycotoxin contamination of feed
and feed ingredients occur worldwide, and because of the ubiquitous nature of these microorganisms they cannot be totally eliminated
from feed ingredients (Trenholm., et al. 1988). Presence of mycoflora especially moulds in animal feed indicate a potential threat not only
to feed quality but also to the well-being of animals that are being fed with it (Beuchat., et al. 1978).
Although infection with pathogenic yeast such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are the most common invasive and
opportunistic mycotic diseases (Denning., et al. 1998), filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus are emerging as prominent agents