Scholarly Journal of Biological Science Vol. 4(5), pp.47-48, December 2015
Available online http:// www.scholarly-journals
ISSN 2315-6147 © 2015 Scholarly-Journals
Short Comm.
Ectoparasite Species of Ceremonial and Racing Horses
from Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria.
Mohammed, A.A.*
1
and Lawal, M.D.
2
1,2
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo
University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Accepted 10 December, 2015
Between August 2015 to August 2017, a survey on the ectoparasites of horses was conducted in Sokoto
North-westhern Nigeria. A total of 611 horses were examined and Ten (10) Taxa of ectoparasites were
identified. Hyalommatruncatum78(12.7%),Hyalommadromedarii72(13.4%),Hippoboscaequine 69(11.29%)
Musca domestica 67(10.9%), Tabanus longicornis 62(10.4%) Stomoxys calcitrans 60 (9.81%),
Amblyomma variegatum 58(9.49%), Rhipicephalus averts 52(8.51%), Rhipicephalus sanguineous
50(8.18%) and Hematopinusasini43(7.0%).It was observed that infestations with these ectoparasites
were significantly high for disease transmission and nuisance.
Keywords: Ectoparasites, Racing Horse, Disease transmission, Tabanus longicornis, Stomoxys calcitrans .
INTRODUCTION
Horses are popular beasts of burden they are used for
ceremonies and for racing amongst animal keepers in the
Sahel savannah and regions of Northern Nigeria.
However, many ectoparasites attack horses which belong
to taxonomic orders Dipteral, Siphonaptera, Pthiraptera
and Acarina(Soulsby,1986)They serve as not only
ectoparasites, but vectors of rickettsial, Protozoan,
Bacterial and Viral agents in man, Companion and
Domestic animals. They also inflict notable dermatitis,
damage to hides and skin with attendant economic
losses (Ahmed and George, 2003).
Most of the studies conducted on domestic animals
have been largely on cattle, (Mohammed, 1974), Dogs
and cats (Richard and David, 2001), Swine (Odo et al.,
2016) and Poultry (Fabiyi et al., 2013).Studies regarding
ectoparasitic arthropods of Horses, have been confined
almost entirely to the South Western part of
Nigeria(Adeyefa and Dipeolu,1986) and Northern
Nigeria (David et al.,2012).To date, only scanty
information is available on equine ectoparasites as such
study has not been hither-to chronicled in the study area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area:
Sokoto State lies within the Sudan savannah region in
the North-western part of Nigeria. It is located between
Latitude 4
o
to 6
o
North, longitude11
o
3 to 13
o
50 East. It is
bordered the North by Niger republic, South by Zamfara
State and West by Kebbi State. It has a total land area of
25,648 square kilometers(Adelana et al.,2003) and with a
population of about3,696,99(NPC,2006).
Sample collection
A total of 611 horses were examined for the presence of
hemoparasites which comprised mainly of ceremonial
and racing horses.The presence of ticks was confirmed
by passing the palm of the handover the body. Where the
ticks were present, they were picked with thumb forceps
and preserved in universal bottles into which 70% ethanol
and 5%glycerine was added. Lice and fleas were
collected by combing with a tooth comb onto a sheet of
paper. Mites were collected following deep skin scrapings
until blood oozed out. Ectoparasites thus collected were
mounted onto Petri dishes and identified with a
Stereomicroscope (X 20 magnification).Deep skin
scrapings were examined by adding 10% potassium
hydroxide. Identification of ectoparasites to species level
was according to the guide by Hoogstraal (1956) and
Walker et al.,(2003).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Ten(10) taxa of ectoparasites were identified. All the