2017 7th World Engineering Education Forum (WEEF)
648
Effective use of Problems in Learning Environments for
Attaining Environmental Sustainability Outcomes
Azmahani Abdul Aziz
1,2
, Khairiyah Mohd Yusof
1,3
, Aziatul Niza Sadikin
1,3
Amirmudin Udin
4
, Jamaludin Mohamad Yatim
2
, Muhammad Azril Hezmi
2
1
Center for Engineering Education,
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
3
Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering,
4
Faculty of Education,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Malaysia
Corresponding author: azmahani@utm.my
Abstract — The paper seeks to describe the utilization of
problems for imbuing environmental sustainability and its
impact on students' knowledge and behavior change towards
sustainability among first year engineering students at all
universities in Malaysia. The problem is set in a real world
setting to integrate the three pillars of sustainable development
(environment, economy and social aspects). To make it
realistic, the related industries and agencies are solicited and
included in the problem. The problem is framed towards
ensuring a learning environment that develops the four
domains of knowledge influencing environmental behavior:
declarative, procedural, effectiveness and social. A qualitative
study was employed in order to answer the research questions.
Student’s reflection journals written at the end of each stage of
the problem were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results
showed the convergence of the four domains of knowledge in
the problem and supports with CPBL learning environment
have changed students’ perception associated with
sustainability on knowledge, skills, responsibility and
readiness to be a future engineer.
Keywords— Environmental Sustainability, Learning
Environment, Student-Centred Learning
I. INTRODU CTION
Educating engineering students on sustainable
development (SD) is a major concern in the 21st Century.
Without the inculcation of SD, engineering students, as future
innovators and problem solvers, may well be part of the
problem, instead of providing the solution. Therefore,
equipping students with the appropriate knowledge, skills and
attitude towards deep understanding about sustainability is
essential through effective educational approaches. A possible
approach is through the use of realistic problems, since they
were proven to be effective in engaging learning and
promoting behavior change [1]. Student-centered learning
environment such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has been
proven to engage students in deep learning, as well as change
attitudes and inculcate various professional skills [2,3,4].
Therefore, in this paper, CPBL model and its implementation
in ‘Introduction to Engineering’ course was observed. To
scaffold the development of students learning and problem
solving skills, a systematic and supportive learning
environment was introduced through Cooperative Problem-
Based Learning. Moreover, there is a need in instilling our
future engineer about the importance of understanding on
sustainability issues that could reflect on their ecological
behavior. This study was conducted to investigate the used of
problems for imbuing sustainability among first year chemical
engineering students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, and its
impact on students’ knowledge and behavior change towards
sustainability. At the end of this study, a model of design
problem in teaching sustainability will be recommended.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sustainable Development (SD) is a concept of resource
use that aims at meeting human needs while preserving the
environment for the needs of present and the future. The term
SD has been popularized in “Our Common Future” of the
Brundtland Report published by the World Commission on
Environment and Development (WCED) in 1987. The
importance of ESD in reducing the impact on the social,
economic and environmental burdens by efficient use of the
natural resources, reducing energy consumption, reducing
emissions, minimizing waste, more efficient land use and
creating better employment conditions has been realized [5,6].
Unfortunately, at the same time, society, economy and the
environment are faced with the challenges of economic crises,
climatic change and natural disasters [7]. The root causes of
the environmental problems are the unsustainable patterns of
consumption and production, many of which are unaffected by
environmental laws and regulations only. It has been found
that the major contributor to the unsustainable future is rooted
in human behaviour [8]. Hence, promoting adoption of
sustainability awareness and behavior are the major
contributor to protect the environment and enhance human
well-being. One of the ways to achieving this goal is through
education. The Ministry of Education, Malaysia (MOE) has
played an assertive role in its efforts to develop a curriculum
on environmental education to educate students to be more
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