GEOGRAFIA Online
TM
Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 14 issue 4 (201-211)
© 2018, e-ISSN 2680-2491 https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1404-16 201
Female breast cancer as taboo: Cultural factors and awareness amongst
patients and their families in the Philippines
Sharon Mendoza-Dreisbach
1
, Jeconiah Louis Dreisbach
2
1
Skyline University College, United Arab Emirates
2
De La Salle Araneta University, Philippines
Correspondence: Jeconiah Louis Dreisbach (email: jeconiah.dreisbach@dlsau.edu.ph)
Abstract
Statistical information from cancer studies show that the Philippines has the highest incidence
rate of breast cancer in Asia. Efforts on creating awareness are being spearheaded by the
country’s health department, local governments, and cancer-interest organizations. Despite
these, discussions on the issue remain a forbidden topic among many Filipinos, particularly
the patients and their families themselves. This study aims to know the central discourses
behind the prevailing treatment of Filipinos on female breast cancer as taboo and the
correlation to the slow development of awareness on the illness. A quality circle was
conducted on three middle-aged women from General Santos City, southern Philippines. All
of the respondents were breast cancer survivors. A discourse analysis on the data figured that
there are two central and interconnected discourses hindering the awareness and acceptance
of breast cancer: (i) fear and denial due to financial instability, and (ii) folk belief. The
researchers suggest that instead of coursing breast cancer treatment budget through the
Philippine government’s health insurance provider, it should be directly allocated to the
country’s health services program. They concluded that beyond creating awareness, it is with
the accessibility of treatment that the Filipino people will be liberated from the prevailing
central discourses on breast and any type of cancer.
Keywords: breast cancer, discourse analysis, Filipino culture, patient, Philippines, public
health
Introduction
Among Asian countries, the Philippines has the highest incidence rate and also has one of the
highest mortality rates for female breast cancer (Youlden et al., 2014), with up to one-third of
women having family history of the said illness (Liede et al., 2003). Additionally, the
Philippines also has the highest age-adjusted rate in the Asia-Pacific region with 0.99 per
100,000 men (Ly et al., 2013). While incidence rates are almost twice as high in developed
countries, there is a disparity of 8% to 15% in the mortality rates with the developing (more
specifically, low income) countries as only less than 25% of their population have access to
cancer treatment such as radiotherapy (International Atomic Energy Agency as cited in Torre,
et al., 2015).