ISSN: 2326-8077
www.tas.africanresearch.org
The African Symposium (TAS) journal Volume 16, issue 1, 2017
Copyright © The African Symposium (TAS) journal
63
HIGHER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT
Mohamed Amira
Ohio University
Email: ma591912@ohio.edu
ABSTRACT
As higher education can play an important role in developing the underdeveloped countries, this paper
highlights some of the aspects related to the influence of higher education on development in Egypt. A
social and economic profile of Egypt is included in the paper, with a focus on some of the transformations
that happened after the 2011 revolution. Other aspects like the history and composition of higher
education in Egypt, accessibility to higher education there, and social justice in higher education in Egypt
are also discussed.
Keywords: Higher education, International development, Globalization, Global education
Introduction
Development has been always something that countries in the underdeveloped world wanted to
pursue. In the era of globalization, where the world became a small village, competition prevails, and for
countries to be able to compete, they have to be developed enough. Many methods, approaches, plans,
and models have been suggested and implemented, yet there have been only a few successful examples.
One tool that could help underdeveloped countries to pursue a successful path of development is higher
education. The World Bank is one of the most important organizations concerned with the issue. In its
Education Strategy 2020, it strongly recommends investing in people’s knowledge and skills so they may
be able to participate effectively in their local economies, and then integrating with the greater global
economy (Spring, 2009).
Egypt is a developing country that has gone through tremendous political changes during the last
five years. Because of the political unrest, the economic situation is worsening day after day. Egypt had
developmental plans at many levels, but they were interrupted by the 2011 revolution. However,
development in Egypt is more important today than ever, and higher education is believed to be capable
of playing a major role in achieving the required developmental goals in underdeveloped countries,
including Egypt.
The Impact of Higher Education on Development
Human capital is one of the most important factors in achieving a successful model for
development (Milutinović & Nikolić, 2014). An indispensable tool in preparing the human capital to play
an active role in development is education. As Bown (2002) explains, a lot of universities in developing
countries were committed to development, and they were founded or reshaped to respond to the political
demands related to developmental goals.