The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a small Neotropical primate (body weight 250–400 g) endemic to the Brazilian Northeast, found in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga (Rylands et al., 2009). This diurnal species feeds on a wide variety of foods, including fruits, leaves, plant exudates, and animal prey, including both invertebrates and vertebrates, in a wide range of habitats and under uncountable conditions (Rylands and Faria, 1993; Digby and Barreto, 1998; Digby et al., 2011; Hilário et al., 2017). Marmosets, like other neotropical primates (e.g., owl monkeys, pygmy marmosets, capuchin monkeys, robust capuchin monkeys, and tamarins), are predators of a wide variety of small vertebrates (Freese and Oppenheimer, 1981; Wright, 1981; Snowdon and Soini, 1988; Soini, 1988; Stevenson and Rylands, 1988; Kinzey, 1997; Amora et al., 2014), including anurans (Canale and Lingnau, 2003; Cicchi et al., 2010; Beltrão-Mendes et al., 2016). The capacity for searching between live leaves, under the bark of trees, inside tree holes, along dead branches, and in bromeliads, combined with the seasonal differences in the environment and different habitat types, are decisive factors in the differences between callitrichid monkey species for how frogs are caught (Stevenson and Rylands, 1988; Heymann et al., 2000; Cicchi et al., 2010). The reporting of anuran predation by primates is fundamental to the understanding that small vertebrates may play a crucial role in the diet of primate species (e.g., Melo et al., 2018). In the present study, we report the predation of Boana raniceps (Cope, 1862) by a common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, in an anthropogenic habitat in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. The event took place in the surroundings of the urban area of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil (11.074ºS, 37.121ºW; datum = WGS84; elevation ca. 4 m). The site is a mix of urban and rural environments, with rural buildings typical of farmland areas. The vegetation is predominantly restinga, composed of both native and cultivated scrubs (mango trees), with many lakes and some flooded areas. On 26 December 2012, the observer (DOS) noted a common marmoset group (at least four adult individuals) moving and foraging, scattered in an area of about 70 m 2 . At around 1400 h, the marmosets started to vocalize intensively after an adult grasped a treefrog, at a height of 2.1 m. The marmoset then distanced itself from the group, apparently in order to avoid sharing. While holding the frog by its abdomen with both hands, the marmoset started to consume it first by its head and then by eating part of its limbs (Fig. 1A–C). The marmoset also pulled out the viscera with its mouth and partially ate them (Fig. 1D). It then released the prey, probably after becoming satisfied. The remains of the frog fell to the ground, once again without any sharing with other group members. We confirmed the frog’s identification as Boana raniceps by its relatively large size and its hind limbs, where dark brown to black cross-bands extended onto the hidden surfaces of the thighs (Fig. 2). This characteristic follows the descriptions by Boulenger (1889) and Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 1069-1074 (2018) (published online on 19 December 2018) Predation of Boana raniceps (Cope, 1862) by the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) in northeastern Brazil Raone Beltrão-Mendes 1 , Francis Luiz Santos Caldas 2,3 , Patrício Adriano da Rocha 4 , and Daniel Oliveira Santana 4,* 1 Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil. 3 Faculdades Integradas de Sergipe, Largo Glicério Cerqueira 387, Centro, Tobias Barreto, Sergipe 35690-000, Brazil. 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-900, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: danielbioufs@yahoo.com.br