RESEARCH ARTICLE
USE OF SCAFFOLDING PRINCIPLES IN ONLINE TEACHING: A CASE OF E – TEACHING 1
COURSE OFFERED BY UNIVERSITY OF AGDER TO PROSPECTIVE ONLINE TUTORS
*Alfred Buluma, Julius Shopi Mbulankende, John Kalule and Rogers Kategaya
Department of Foundations and Curriculum Studies, School of Education, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062,
Kampala, Uganda
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
This article analyses the use of Scaffolding Principles in Online Teaching based on the E –Teaching 1
Course offered by the University of Agder that between September to December, 2017 to prospective
online tutors. The major purpose of this article was to analyze how the pedagogical principles of
Scaffolding were used to enhance the teaching of this particular course to its participants. Throughout
the article, one major thread cuts through and this is the understanding of scaffolding as the temporary
support given to a learner to enable him/her become an independent learner and a master of the skill or
knowledge being used or advocated for by a certain community of practice. Within the article, it is
pointed out that Gilly Salmon’s 5 Stage Model demonstrates the practical implementation of
scaffolding in an online environment. Thus, it is clear that the various activities in the E –Teaching1
Course were in conformity with the Scaffolding principles as suggested by Gilly Salmon especially
with the view that, there was access and motivation to this course by the participants,
participantsbuiltupteamsintheformofgroupslikeCondors,sharedinformationthrough discussion among
themselves and with their peers, constructed knowledge as evidenced from various documents weaved
and course work assignment submitted for assessment and finally each participant got an opportunity
tore view his or her learning through developing a learning portfolio to demonstrate their met a
cognition. Inevitably, the article recommends that to a large extent it is important for higher studies to
embrace scaffolding such that professionals graduating from higher education institutions have to be
scaffolded with the necessary skills and knowledge needed in their communities of practice or
occupations.
Copyright © 2018, Alfred Buluma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricte d
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
INTRODUCTION
With specific reference to the Quiz in Module four of the E –
Teaching 1 course, Scaffolding can be defined as the temporary
support offered to students in accomplishing new tasks and
concepts they might not achieve on their own and this support
and guidance is withdrawn as long as a learner can accomplish
or do a task by him/herself. This definition is in agreement with
Lajoie (2005) who considers it a temporary entity that is used
to reach one’s potential in demonstrating competence, and
articulation of their knowledge without assistance. Scaffolding
therefore requires the teacher’s intervention in children's
learning through providing young learners with cultural tools to
enable them become independent learners (Verenikina, 2008).
Some of these tools can include; compelling tasks, templates,
learning resources like articles, and more experienced peers as
well as teachers or More Knowledgeable others (E – Teaching
1 Course Module 4 quiz).
*Corresponding author: Alfred Buluma, Department of Foundations
and Curriculum Studies, School of Education, Makerere University,
P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Therefore, according to Lipscomb, Swanson and West (2004),
MKOs are expected to establish the amount of instructional
support for successful teaching and learning encounter.
Pedagogical Principles of Scaffolding: There are basically six
principles of scaffolding that were presented by Bruner and his
colleagues as quoted by Roggof (1990). These principles are;
1. Recruiting the child's interest in the task as it is defined
by the tutor.
2. Reducing the number of steps required to solve a
problem by simplifying the task, so that the learner can
manage components of the process and recognize when
a fit with task requirements is achieved.
3. Maintaining the pursuit of the goal, through motivation
of the child and direction of the activity.
4. Marking critical features of discrepancies between what
a child has produced and the ideal solution.
5. Controlling frustration and risk in problem solving.
6. Demonstrating an idealized version of the act to be
performed
Theoretical Background of Scaffolding: Scaffolding has its
origin rooted in the constructivist and social constructivist
International Journal of Information Research and Review
Vol. 05, Issue, 09, pp.5681-5684, September, 2018
Article History:
Received 22
nd
June, 2018
Received in revised form
27
th
July, 2018
Accepted 10
th
August, 2018
Published online 30
th
September, 2018
International Journal of Information Research and Review, September, 2018
Keywords:
Scaffolding,
Online pedagogy,
E – Teaching,
Higher Education.