Case description A 5 year old girl, with a history of varicella and no known pathologies, call on to a routine appointment. The pregnancy was uneventful and drug-free. At the clinical examination, moderate oral hygiene was observed and lesions compatible with enamel hypoplasia (EH) diagnosis were detected in 6 of the 20 deciduous teeth. None of the lesions were softened. Radiographically, there was a thinner enamel in some of the affected teeth. Motivation and oral hygiene instructions were given and it was applied topical fluoride and control appointments were scheduled every 3 months, with topical fluoride varnish application every 6 months. Referências bibliográficas 1 Salanitri S, Seow WK. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management. Australian dental journal. 2013;58(2):133-40. 2 Basha S, Mohamed RN, Swamy HS. Association between enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in primary second molars and permanent first molars: A 3-year follow-up study. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2016;9:4-11. 3 Possobon RC, K; Ruiz, J. Enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth. RFO UPF 2006;11(2):73-6. 4 Caufield PW, Li Y, Bromage TG. Hypoplasia-associated severe early childhood caries - a proposed definition. Journal of dental research. 2012;91(6):544-50. 5 Ghanim A, Elfrink M, Weerheijm K, Mariño R, Manton D. A practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2015;16(3):235-246. Enamel hypoplasia in primary dentition: a case report Fátima Vitorino 1 *, Joana Loio 1 , Cristina Areias 2 , Ana Alves Norton 2 , Ana Paula Macedo 2 1 Student of FMDUP’ Pediatric Dentistry Specialization Course; 2 FMDUP Professor. Lisbon 16-18 nov 2017 Discussion EH is defined as an incomplete or defective formation in the organic matrix, leading to enamel quantity decrease 1,2 . In the primary dentition, the etiology includes genetic, systemic and environmental factors, that occurred in the prenatal period or during the early childhood 1,3 . Poor nutrition and hypovitaminoses A, C and D during pregnancy, premature or low birth weight, hypocalcemia, bacterial or viral infections are examples of etiologies 4 . It can affect only one, several or all the dental elements. It affects the permanent dentition more frequently, but can also reach the primary dentition. The enamel presents with irregular thickness, with depressions in its surface and the color can vary from normal to white or yellowish 2,3 . In addition to aesthetic consequences, it may be responsible for increased risk of caries and dental sensitivity 2 . It is necessary to carry out the differential diagnosis between EH and other enamel development defects, namely, diffuse opacities, fluorosis, enamel hypomineralization and imperfect amelogenesis 4,5 . Conclusions it is highlighted the relevance of monitoring during pregnancy and early childhood by the pediatric dentist, to prevent etiological factors of EH in the primary dentition, due to its functional and aesthetic importance. According to the severity of EH lesions, caries preventive interventions should be implemented. Key words: ameloblasts; amelogenesis; differential diagnosis; enamel; hypoplasia; enamel matrix. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Labels: Fig. 1, 2 e 3 – Extraoral frontal photo, smile and profile Fig. 4, 5 e 6 – Intraoral photos, right lateral and left lateral Fig. 7 e 8 – Intraoral maxillary and occlusal mandibular occlusal photo Fig. 9 – Intraoral photo 1 st quadrant Fig. 10 – Intraoral photo 2 nd and 3 rd quadrants Fig. 11 e 13 – Intraoral photo detail 83 and 85 Fig. 12 – Intraoral photo detail 65 Fig. 14 – Intraoral photo detail 74 and 75 Fig. 15 – Rx bitewing 1 st and 4 th quadrantes Fig. 16 – Rx bitewing 2 nd e3 rd quadrantes Fig. 17 – Periapical Rx upper incisors Fig. 18 – Periapical Rx lower incisors 15 16 17 18