Vol.:(0123456789)
Natural Hazards
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03571-x
1 3
ORIGINAL PAPER
Vulnerability assessment for fash foods using GIS spatial
modeling and remotely sensed data in El‑Arish City, North
Sinai, Egypt
Soha A. Mohamed
1
· Mohamed E. El‑Raey
1
Received: 21 December 2017 / Accepted: 5 January 2019
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract
Egypt sufers from freshwater crisis, and the shortage is predicted to become severe by
2025. Egypt is exposed to fash foods, especially in Sinai governorate, causing rapid rises
of water in a short amount of time and can trigger other catastrophic hazards associated
with damage, danger to human life, properties and environment. Flash foods may be con-
sidered a source of water that can be explored to meet the water shortage problem. In this
study, a composite fash foods vulnerability index based on an integrated hydro-climatic
and physical vulnerability component was created. The composite index was based on eight
parameters including rainfall distribution, elevation and slope, fow direction, streams, geo-
morphological features, soil type and land cover. The composite index was ranked into
three categories: high, moderate and low. The index can help identify the weak and strong
points to support the decision-making process concerned with water management as an
essential prerequisite for Egypt sustainable development. The results revealed that the
urban, vegetation cover, loamy sand, sand dunes, the low elevation and the fat areas are the
most afected by the fash foods in EL-Arish City in Sinai governorate. 42% of Wadi El-
Arish had low vulnerability, 45% moderate vulnerability and 13% high vulnerability.
Keywords Flash foods · Vulnerability assessment · Composite Index · GIS · Remotely
sensed · Multi-criteria analysis · Wadi El-Arish · Sinai · Egypt
1 Introduction
There are major factors afecting Egypt’s water security such as the construction of Ethio-
pian massive dam (Omran and Negm 2018) in addition to the increase in global tempera-
tures and decreased precipitation levels due to climate changes (Elsaeed 2011). Climate
changes and its consequences of heat waves as well as the dry climate of Egypt increase a
* Soha A. Mohamed
igsr.soha.ahmed@alexu.edu.eg
Mohamed E. El-Raey
melraey@gmail.com
1
University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt