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DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A 4-WAY CATALYTIC
CONVERTER FOR REDUCING EXHAUST EMISSION
POLLUTION IN A DIESEL AUTOMOBILE ENGINE
K. SRINIVASA CHALAPATI
1, 2
& T. VENKATESWARA RAO
3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation
Deemed to be University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anurag Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India
3
Principal, DBS Institute of Technology, Kavali, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Demand for automobiles is increasing by the day all over the world. Diesel oil being cheaper than gasoline,
diesel vehicles are being used for personal purposes than the commercial applications. It is projected that by 2030, 1300
million automobiles will be plying on roads. Due to incomplete combustion of fuel oil pollutants like CO, HC, and NOx
are released into atmosphere causing negative impact on air quality, environment and human health.
Researchers all over the world concentrated on how to reduce the pollutants. Euro norms specify the
allowable percentages of CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gases. Euro norms being implemented in the developed
countries have given stringent values, which has led to the development of catalytic converter which is added
equipment in automobile. Hitherto in the catalytic converters supplied in modern cars, Platinum and Rhodium metals
are used for coating monoliths. These metals are rare, and hence expensive. From Euro 4 onwards NO
x
values are
reduced drastically. Hence, NO
x
abatement has become a major issue.
In the research carried out by authors, alternative coating materials like CeO
2
, ZrO
2
which help NO
x
abatement and oxygen storage are used over clay marbles. These were designed, fabricated and tested on automobiles.
The results are encouraging showing marked fall of pollutants in exhaust gases.
KEYWORDS: Diesel Oil, Pollutants, Clay Marbles, Abatement & Oxygen
Received: Sep 14, 2018; Accepted: Oct 04, 2018; Published: Nov 26, 2018; Paper Id.: IJMPERDDEC201859
INTRODUCTION
The use of catalytic converter came in to existence after 1975, before which an extensive research and
studies were made in controlling the pollution emitted by the automobiles. The problem of pollution control was
tackled in different levels from 1975 till date. Initially, efforts were made to improve fuel quality. Next step was to
improve the engine design. As the Euro norms were stringent by every decade, from Euro I to VI, researchers
concentrated on emission reduction using external equipment like a catalytic converter.
In the very early stage to control the pollution from the automobiles, a PCV (positive crank ventilation)
system was designed, whose function is to collect the unburnt hydrocarbons and burn them, rather than to release
into atmosphere. By the year 1984, most of the cars in US were equipped with PCV and became standard
Original Article
International Journal of Mechanical and Production
Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)
ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249-8001
Vol. 8, Issue 6, Dec 2018, 555-568
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