118 Cameroon Figure 1: Energy profle of Cameroon Figure 2: Total energy production, (ktoe) Figure 3: Total energy consumption, (ktoe) Table 1: Cameroon’s key indicators Source: (World Bank, 2015) Source: (AFREC, 2015) Source: (AFREC, 2015) Energy Consumption and Production In 2013, the population of Cameroon was 22.25 million (Table 1) (IEA, 2016). Total electricity produced in 2015 was 628 ktoe with 75 per cent of it from hydroelectricity. In 2015, electricity consumption was 526 ktoe; industry consumed 43.3 per cent of this (Table 2). Key consumption and production statistics are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Producton of coking coal Producton of charcoal Producton of crude oil, NLG and additves Producton of natural gas Total producton of electricity Refinery output of oil products 2,185 Consumption of coking coal Consumption of oil Consumption of natural gas Consumption of electricity 1,132 Energy Resources Biomass Cameroon has 18.8 million hectares of forest, amounting to the third largest biomass potential in sub-Saharan Africa (FAO, 2015); (FUAS, undated). Deforestation is a major issue occurring at a rate of 220,000 ha/yr between 1990 and 2015, with less than 2 per cent of that being replanted annually. Primary uses for biomass in the country include heating and light for the majority of the rural population (REEEP, 2012). Use of palm oil for biodiesel is also a viable prospect for the country. However, this contributes to deforestation, as forests are often cleared to make way for palm oil farms. In 2010, estimates indicated that palm oil is grown on about 190,000 ha of land (Hoyle & Levang, 2012). Hydropower Hydropower is probably the most available form of energy in the country. Technically exploitable hydropower resources are 115,000 GWh, the fourth largest in Africa. The installed capacity in 2011 was 729 MW and actual generation in 2011 was 3,850 GWh (WEC, 2013). Cameroon’s major power stations are Lagdo (72 MW), Edéa (263 MW) and Songloulou (388 MW) (FUAS, undated). Oil and natural gas According to the EIA, (2015), Cameroon is ranked 47th globally in terms of volumes of reserves and is estimated to have proven reserves of natural gas of 4.8 trillion cubic feet (4,800 bcm). Kribi-Campo basin and Ebome are the major oil felds. The amount of oil produced has been steadily declining as reserves are depleted. For instance, between 2000 and 2015, the volume of crude oil, natural gas and additives produced declined from 6,860 to 2,185 ktoe (AFREC 2015). Key indicators Amount Population (2013 million) 22.25 GDP (billion 2005 USD) 22.02 CO 2 emission (Mt of CO 2 ) 5.90