International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2640
Design of Switched Filter Bank using Chebyshev Low pass Filter
Response for Harmonic Rejection Filter Design
Ann Alex
1
, Sanju Sebastian
2
, Niju Abraham
3
1
M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering
and Technology, Kerala, India,
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of
Engineering and Technology, Kerala, India,
3
Assistant General Manager, Department of Aerospace and Defense, Cyient Limited, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract - Harmonic is a serious problem faced by the power
amplifier in its working. These are introduced into the power
amplifier due to the nonlinearities of the active element such
as the transistor in the power amplifier. As a result, the power
quality and safe operation become inferior. Therefore the
mitigation of harmonics and improvement in the power
quality are essential under these circumstances. This paper
presents the design of a switched filter bank for using
Chebyshev low pass filter response for the design of Harmonic
Rejection Filter. Advanced Design System is used for
simulation purpose. The obtained results show that each filter
bank rejects its harmonic frequencies successfully with a
return loss >16 dB.
Key Words: Harmonics, Switched Filter Bank,
Chebyshev Low pass Filter, Harmonic Rejection Filter,
Advanced Design System, Return Loss.
1. INTRODUCTION
During 20
th
century, evolutions in radios, communications
and radars increased the demand for electromagnetic
spectrum. Since the demand for Radio Frequency Spectrum
has increased and become commercialized for different
applications like mobile communications, television and
radio communications, a clean radiation spectrum is a must
for each radio transmissions. This has to be ensured by the
RF front end of each radio transmitters. The RF front end
section includes power amplifiers and they introduce
harmonics to the signal and these harmonics are a multiple
of operating frequencies and causes serious impurities in the
spectrum. A demand for higher data rate implies a demand
for higher bandwidth for the radio spectrum. This makes the
elimination of the harmonics tougher for the RF front-end
modules.
This motivates the need for an in-house Harmonic Rejection
Filter technology in India. The Harmonic Rejection Filter is
basically a low pass filter which passes the fundamental
frequency and attenuates the higher harmonic frequencies.
Passive filters have low cost, simple design and high
reliability than active filters. Chebyshev filters have better
rate of attenuation beyond passband than Butterworth
filters. This paper presents the design of a switched filter
bank using Chebyshev low pass filter for the design of
Harmonic Rejection Filter.
2. METHODOLOGY
Chebyshev filters or equiripple filters have a steeper roll-off
and more passband ripple than Butterworth filters. The
analytic form of the squared magnitude function is defined
by
where ε is the ripple factor, Tn(x) is the Chebyshev
polynomial of degree n and ωp is the passband edge
frequency. Closed form expressions for the Chebyshev
polynomial are given by
be defined by a recursion formula:
where T0(x)=1 and T1(x)=x. The order of the Chebyshev
filter is given by the equation:
where As is the minimum stopband attenuation in dB, Ap in
the maximum passband ripple in dB, ε =(10
0.1Ap
−1)
1/2
is the
ripple factor, A = (10
0.05As
)
1/2
is the user-defined stopband
attenuation parameter, ωs is the stopband edge frequency in
rad/sec and ωp is the passband edge frequency in rad/sec.
There are two types of LC Ladder networks for Low pass
filters as Pi and Tee Section. Pi section prototype starts with
a shunt element, whereas Tee section starts with a series
element. At the beginning of the circuit g0 = 1 is defined as
generator resistance or capacitance. The last element at the
end is defined as gN+1 which is the load resistance if gN is a
shunt capacitor and load conductance if gN is a series
inductor. The type of the prototype used in the design of the
filter is Pi section as in Figure 2.1