International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2827 Bio-diesel synthesis from Kenaf seed oil and performance analysis of its bio-diesel blends on four stroke, Compression Ignition Engine. Komal Dhar Diwan 1 , Dr. Jeetendra Kumar Tiwari 2 , Mr. Abhishek Singh 3 1 M.Tech scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSTC, SSGI, Junwani (C.G.) 2 Head of Department, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, SSTC, SSGI, Junwani (C.G.) 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSTC, SSGI, Junwani (C.G.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT: Biodiesel has been a topic of interest since past few years because of its eco-friendly nature, low pollution emitting and non-toxic properties. Globally, there are hundreds of crops which can be used as a biodiesel feedstock. Use of biodiesel reduces dependence on non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Oils generally have high viscosity, high density and high flash point and therefore they cannot be directly used as fuel in diesel engine. Suitable process is used in order to synthesize bio-diesel from oil to make its properties similar to that of conventional diesel. In present study, base catalyzed transesterification process has been used in order to get biodiesel from kenaf seed oil. Properties of kenaf seed oil and bio-diesel are comparative to that of conventional diesel. Biodiesel can either be used alone(B100) without any blending or it can be blended with conventional diesel according to ASTM specifications so as to ensure safe operation of CI engine which has been designed for conventional diesel fuel. In present study, objective is to analyze performance of kenaf seed bio-diesel and its blends. n-butanol will be used as an additive. Use of additive will enhance combustion quality of diesel. Engine performance parameters such as brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) have been measured under various load conditions for different bio-diesel blends and these performance parameters have been compared to that of conventional diesel. Key Words: Kenaf seed oil, Bio-diesel, Transesterification, Blending, n-butanol 1. INTRODUCTION Depleting conventional fuel or fossil fuel resources combined with continuous increase in energy demand has spurred interest for research in area of alternative fuels or biodiesel. Use of biodiesel will result in reduction of pollutants being released due to continuous use of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is generally obtained from renewable energy sources [1]. Petroleum consumption is increasing day by day. A major portion of petroleum is refined to diesel which is mainly used for transportation purpose. Biodiesel production in large scale can help to meet increasing fuel demands. An important factor which favors production of biodiesel is that it will result in reduction in emission of greenhouse gases. Continuous combustion of petroleum products since last few decades has resulted in increase of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into environment [2]. These greenhouse gases are majorly responsible for global warming, resulting in rise in mean temperature of earth and global warming. If conventional diesel is completely substituted by biodiesel, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 78%. 1.1. Biodiesel Biodiesel consists of long chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl or propyl) esters of fatty acids. Lipids i.e. oil is made to react with alcohol in presence of a catalyst producing fatty acids ester. Biodiesel can be used effectively in standard diesel engines and that properties are quite different from straight oil. Biodiesel can either be used alone i.e. in form of B100 or it can also be blended with diesel in different proportions. Biodiesel obtained either from vegetable oils or animal fat should meet ASTM D 6751 specifications. Common source of biodiesel includes jatropha, sunflower, mustard, soya bean, palm, jojoba, groundnut, peanut, canola, camelina and cottonseed oil [3]. Biodiesel has good lubricating properties and cetane rating as compared to low sulphur diesel fuel. Fuels having higher lubricity may increase life of fuel injection equipment that depends on fuel for lubrication. 1.2 Kenaf seed oil Kenaf, Hibiscus Cannabinus, is a plant which belongs to Malvaceae family. It is also known as Deccan hemp or Java jute. This plant is mostly found in southern Asia but its origin is still unknown. Fiber obtained from Kenaf plant has characteristics similar to that of jute. Kenaf is a biennial herbaceous plant near about 1.5 to 3 metre tall. Stems of kenaf have diameter in range of 1 to 2 cm. Its leaves are 10 to 15 cm long having variable shape. Flowers of kenaf have diameter in range of 8 to 15 cm. Their color can either be white, yellow or purple. Fruit is in form of capsule having 2cm diameter. Kenaf seeds are obtained from its fruit. Kenaf is cultivated for its fiber in various countries like India, USA, South Africa, Viet Nam, Thailand, parts of Africa and in some parts of Europe. Kenaf fiber finds application in rope, cloth and paper industry. Kenaf seed oil has a dark brown color and it is quite bitter in taste. It can be used as edible oil and also finds application in cosmetic and lubricant industry. Properties of kenaf seed oil have attracted have attracted attention towards its use for making biodiesel or biofuel. Kenaf seed contains 20% of oil by weight [4]. Oil extracted from kenaf seed has been found to contain significant amount of epoxy acid as glyceride. Various fatty acid contents have been identified in kenaf seed oil such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmatic acid, stearic acid and 9- hexadonic acid and traces of arachidic acid.