J Food Process Preserv. 2018;e13831. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jfpp
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13831
© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1 | INTRODUCTION
Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial for health
upon adequate consumption. Conventionally, probiotics are added
to milk‐based medium to produce fermented functional foods, such
as yoghurts and cheeses (Yoon, Woodams, & Hang, 2006). Although
milk is highly nutritious as it contains various vitamins and miner‐
als especially calcium, it is associated with a number of drawbacks,
including high fat and cholesterol content as well as allergic reac‐
tions (Yoon et al., 2006). Individuals with lactose intolerance are also
having difficulties in consuming dairy‐based probiotic‐containing
products (Granato, Branco, Nazzaro, Cruz, & Faria, 2010).
Previous studies utilized tomato juice (Yoon, Woodams, &
Hang, 2004), beet juice (Yoon, Woodams, & Hang, 2005), cab‐
bage juice (Yoon et al., 2006), carrot juice (Tamminen, Salminen,
& Ouwehand, 2013) and noni juice (Wang, Ng, Su, Tzeng, & Shyu,
2009) as substrates to produce non‐dairy probiotic drinks. Based
on these previous studies, successful production of probiotic juice
depends greatly on the type of vegetables or fruits and probiotic
strains used. In other studies, cabbage juice (Semjonovs, Shakizova,
Received: 8 May 2018
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Revised: 21 September 2018
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Accepted: 9 October 2018
DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13831
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of refrigerated storage on the physicochemical
characteristics and viability of Lactobacillus plantarum in
fermented watermelon juice with or without supplementation
with inulin or fructooligosaccharide
Elvina Amanda | Wee Sim Choo
School of Science, Monash University
Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
Correspondence
Wee Sim Choo, School of Science, Monash
University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan,
47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: choo.wee.sim@monash.edu
Funding information
School of Science, Monash University
Malaysia
Abstract
A non‐dairy probiotic drink was produced through the fermentation of watermelon
juice using Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. Watermelon juice was supplemented
with or without inulin or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fermented for 6 hr at
37°C. The effect of two weeks of refrigerated storage at 4°C on the physicochemical
characteristics and viability of L. plantarum were measured. The viability of L. plan‐
tarum with or without inulin or FOS supplementation was maintained at about 11 log
CFU/mL until week 2 of refrigerated storage. The pH of fermented watermelon juice
continued to decrease, whereas lactic acid concentration continued to increase until
week 1 of storage. The supplementation of inulin or FOS increased the total soluble
solids of the juice. There was notable change of color in all fermented watermelon
juices measured using colorimeter. The concentration of glucose, fructose and citric
acid measured using HPLC varied over the two weeks of storage.
Practical applications
Watermelon is widely consumed and accepted by consumers around the world. This
paper presents an alternative to process this fruit by producing a non‐dairy probiotic
drink using watermelon juice as the substrate. Experimental results indicated that wa‐
termelon juice was a suitable substrate to produce probiotic drink and refrigeration for
two weeks was able to maintain the quality of the juice. This drink may have the poten‐
tial to be commercialized for consumers who would prefer a fruit‐based probiotic drink.