Kucuk AO, Senel H, Ozdemir A, Eroğlu A. Development Process of Sepsis Diagnosis. Int J Anesth Res. 2018;6(6):526-531. 526 OPEN ACCESS https://scidoc.org/IJAR.php International Journal of Anesthesiology & Research (IJAR) ISSN 2332-2780 *Corresponding Author: Ahmet Eroglu, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Intensive Care Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey. Tel: +904623775900 E-mail: aheroglu@hotmail.com Received: July 05, 2018 Accepted: July 30, 2018 Published: July 31, 2018 Citation: Kucuk AO, Senel H, Ozdemir A, Eroğlu A. Development Process of Sepsis Diagnosis. Int J Anesth Res. 2018;6(6):526-531. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2332-2780-18000106 Copyright: Eroğlu A © 2018. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Infections are common throughout life at all ages. In most indi- viduals, the host response is suffcient to cope with the potential threat and if bacterial, it can be treated with appropriate antibi- otics. In some cases, however, the infection may be associated with an insuffcient or inappropriate host response, which may progress to the development of organ dysfunction. At this point, the term "sepsis" is used [1-3]. Sepsis continues to be a serious public health problem worldwide. This serious, costly and high mortality rate among the most com- mon causes of intensive care hospitalizations is unfortunately still present in many years of change and development and its treat- ment is diffcult. The Islamist philosopher Ibn Sina as the tissue and blood putrefaction with fre [4] frst described it. Although the clinical picture of sepsis has not changed much since the frst day, the management of organ failure has changed and serious infections that have previously been fatal have begun to be man- aged more effectively nowadays. The Intensive Care Over Nations (ICON) study provided global epidemiological data on 10,069 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and confrmed that 2,973 (29.5%) patients received sepsis at the time of admission or intensive care unit hospitalization [5]. Sep- sis, on the other hand, has also been described as "the ultimate way of death from infection" in the process [6]. According to the Global Burden of Disease, more than 10 million people die from the infectious disease every year, and this number is higher than cancer-related deaths [7]. This condition, which has high mortal- ity, may also result in mental and physical impairments leading to reduced long-term quality of life [8]. Sepsis mortality rates were 41% in Europe and 28.3% in the USA, and in the case of septic shock this rate could be up to 50% [9, 10]. Vincent et al., Found that intensive care unit mortality was 25.8% and hospital mortality was 35.3% in sepsis patients in 2014. These rates are signifcantly higher than the general intensive care unit population [5]. The diagnosis and care of patients with sepsis is quite complicat- ed because of the infuence of various organ systems. Infection is absolutely necessary for the diagnosis of sepsis. Some patients may have a sepsis-like condition without evidence of infection. Development Process of Sepsis Diagnosis Review Article Kucuk AO, Senel H, Ozdemir A, Eroğlu A * Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Intensive Care Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Abstract Sepsis is a heterogeneous clinical condition that is most common in intensive care units, which is the cause of morbidity, mor- tality and increased cost. Diagnosis at the earliest stage in the clinical diversity that can progress from simple infection to sepsis and septic shock is the primary clinical goal. Clinical studies and consensus reports have been published and published over the years so that early diagnosis and resuscitation can be started quickly. In fact, it is easy to use in clinical practice and clinical criteria can be set to facilitate the work of the physician without complicated laboratory procedures. Thus, the treatment stage can be overcome to prevent this severe infectious process leading to organ dysfunction and increased mortality. In this review, consensus defnitions used in the defnition of sepsis, the latest consensus recommendation, and current developments in sepsis are summarized. Keywords: Sepsis; Diagnosis; Development. Abbreviations: qSOFA: Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICON: Intensive Care Over Nations; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; CRP: C-Reactive Protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; SIRS: Systemic Infammatory Response Syndrome; ACCP: American College of Chest Physicians; SCCM: Society of Critical Care Medicine; ESICM: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.