Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen ©2018 An Automatic Traffic Violation Capturing System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology in Mukalla City Widad M Faisal, Shehab Al-Sakkaf, Ayman Baalwi, Shadi Almasjedi, Khalid Bajkheef, Abdulla BinSameer, Adel Benaim, Khalid Ali and Abobakar Alattas Electronic and Telecommunication Department Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadhramout University Mukalla, Yemen shihabsat@gmail.com Abstract— More than 1200 microbuses working in the internal zone streets in Mukalla city in Yemen. About nine observers work for Administrative and Financial Organization Office to observe the movement of these microbuses on a daily basis. Microbuses working in the city is divided into six groups allowing certain number of them to work in such a day of the week. Those who work in a such day are not allowed to work in more than one destination or path e.g. (ALDIES – ALSHARJ – OLD MUKALLA). Some of microbuses drivers violate the rules and regulations set by buses syndicate in a form of daily work schedule and cause congestions in the city streets. Human labor often accompanied with mistakes, intended and unintended abuses, increase costs and lack of precision and dedication to work. This project solves this problem by attaching an RFID tags on each microbus associated to reader sensors that connected to an enterprise system to observe the movement of the microbuses and record the violent ones automatically depending on a database. A proposed software associated with easy user interface is designed and presented in details in this paper. As a result, human mistakes and the high cost of current violation system is reduced. Also high level of accuracy in performance is achieved. The project in its current envisioned allows dispense most of human labor and it targets to dispense all of them in its future envisioned. Keywords— Radio frequency identification, traffic violation system, passive RFID tags, middleware system, electronic product code. I. INTRODUCTION RFID is abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification. It is an improved technology uses radio frequency signals for identification. Recently, RFID technology has moved from obscurity into mainstream applications that help speed the handling of manufactured goods and materials. RFID enables identification from a distance, and unlike earlier bar-code technology, it does so without requiring a line of sight. Many types of RFID are existed; however, we can divide these types into two main categories: active and passive. Active tags require a power source connection to supply it by sufficient power to operate or battery storage. If battery storage is used, RFID tags lifetime is limited by the stored energy, balanced against the number of read operations the device must undergo. One example of an active tag is the transponder attached to an aircraft that identifies its national origin. Another example is a LoJack device attached to a car, which incorporates cellular technology and a GPS to locate the car if stolen [1]. RFID is not a "new" technology. It is fundamentally based on the study of electromagnetic waves and radio, which was rooted in the 19 th century work of Michael Faraday, Guglielmo Marconi and James Clerk Maxwell [2]. The concept of using radio frequencies to reflect waves from objects dates back as far as 1886 to experiments conducted by Frederick Hertz. Radar was invented in 1922 and its practical applications date back to World War II, when the British used the IFF (Identify Friend or Foe) system to distinguish friendly aircraft returning from missions on mainland Europe from unfriendly aircraft entering British skies [3]. In [4], Harry Stockman outlined basic concepts for what would eventually become RFID. In this work, Stockman suggested that “considerable research and development work has to be done before the remaining basic problems in reflected-power communication are solved, and before the field of useful applications is explored”. Some research on the literature used RFID technology for vehicles traffic tracking and monitoring. In the work in [5] Anuran Chattaraj and his coauthors proposed an intelligent traffic system for controlling the operation of the road traffic signs lights using RFID technology. The system automatically update the timing of the traffic signs according to volume of traffic in each street. A similar idea for controlling the traffic light signs using RFID for reducing the waiting time especially in emergency cases such as was proposed by H. Singh and his coauthors in [6]. W. Wen in [7] and P. Manikonda and his coauthors in [8] proposed an intelligent traffic management expert system using RFID technology for data collection and control information that can trace criminal or illegal vehicles such as stolen cars or vehicles that evade tickets, tolls or vehicle taxes. In this work, a passive RFID reader and tags to handle traffic data collection, traffic management, shortest road paths, and tracing of illegal vehicles were used. S. Bhosale and D. N. Wavhal in [9], proposed an Automated tollplaza system using RFID for toll collection to reduce the traffic congestion and waiting time in long queues. The proposed method will save the time and reduce the human labor mistakes that could happen in the manual process. A proposed system for capturing the speed violations in highways using RFID technology was proposed in [10] by W. Hongjian and his coauthors. The work aims to reduce the speed violations and enhance traffic safety. A. Golechha and his coauthors in [11] proposed an automatic system for checking the red light violations in traffic system using RFID. Each vehicle in the system was occupied with RFID tag. RFID readers were placed on the traffic signs. System generate fine bill for violators automatically according to the control system decision. Similar work was proposed in [12]