Citation: Shure W, Desta K, Diriba R, G/Egzabixier A and Benti G. Magnitude of Hepatitis B Virus among Barbers
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Austin Hepatol. 2018; 3(1): 1008.
Austin Hepatol - Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2018
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Shure et al. © All rights are reserved
Austin Hepatology
Open Access
Abstract
Background: Viral hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide. Hepatitis
B is very contagious compared to other blood born viruses. For barbers, the use
of blades and razors is part of their occupation, which can expose them to blood
of customers while shaving and hair cutting.
Methods: A work place based cross sectional study was conducted among
400 barbers in selected sub cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Study subjects were
selected by using convenience sampling method. Data on sociodemographic
factors and associated factors were collected using pretested questionnaires.
HBsAg was done using ELISA technique and data was analyzed by using SPSS
version 20.
Results: Out of 400 barbers tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg giving an
overall magnitude of 3.75% (15/400). Among unmarried or single participants
11 (3.92%) were positive (χ
2
=0.45, P=0.93). The overall serological results were
not statistically associated with socio demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: The magnitude of HBsAg was 3.75%. In this study, most
barbers had poor knowledge about the etiology, symptom, transmission
and prevention of hepatitis B. Moreover, all of the study participants did not
vaccinated due to lack of knowledge about the presence of HBV vaccine.
Keywords: HBsAg; Magnitude; Barbers
In many parts of Africa and Asia, the widespread cultural practice
of shaving at a shop or roadside barber is an underestimated route
of blood-borne viral disease transmission [6]. For barbers, the use of
blades and razors is part of their occupation, which can expose them
to blood of customers while shaving and hair cutting. Tis exposure
can put them at risk of many blood-borne diseases including viral
hepatitis [7].
In Ethiopia diferent studies tried to show prevalence rates of
Hepatitis B virus infections in various groups like pregnant women,
health care workers, blood donors, medical waste handlers and
others [8-10]. However, there is no data in Ethiopia on magnitude of
Hepatitis B virus infection among barbers.
Methodology
A work place based cross-sectional study design was used to
determine the magnitude of Hepatitis B virus among 400 barbers in
selected Sub cities of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. A structured pretested
questionnaire was given to each participant by trained health
professionals. Te participants were free to seek further explanation
or clarifcation from the trained personnel or investigator on the
sections of the questionnaire that are not clear to them. From barbers
who gave consent blood sample was obtained and tested for presence
or absence of HBsAg by using ELISA method. All data obtained
from the study was analyzed. Statistical calculation was done using
SPSS version 20. Chi square (X
2
) test was employed to examine the
signifcant association between variables where applicable. Statistical
signifcance was set at 0.05.
Introduction
Viral hepatitis is a major health problem worldwide. Hepatitis B
virus (HBV) is of the greatest concern due to its burden of illness and
death. WHO and the U.S Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate
that over 500 million people are currently living with chronic viral
hepatitis and globally around 2 billion people have been infected with
hepatitis B virus with around 1 million people die every year due to
complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer [1,2].
HBV can cause both acute and chronic diseases [3,1]. Hepatitis B virus
is 50-100 times more infectious than human immunodefciency virus
(HIV) and 10 times more infectious than hepatitis C virus (HCV) and
an infectious dose is so low that a contaminated razor or blade can
easily transmit the infection [4,5].
Te hepatitis B virus can survive in the environment for at least
7 days. During this time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters
the body of a person who is not protected by the vaccine. It can also
spread by percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood and
various body fuids, as well as through saliva, menstrual, vaginal, and
seminal fuids. Infection in adulthood leads to chronic hepatitis in
less than 5% of cases. In addition, infection can occur during medical,
surgical and dental procedures, through tattooing, or through the
use of razors and similar objects that are contaminated with infected
blood or during barbershop shaving [1].
Razor sharing and shaves from the barbers have been identifed
as an important risk factors for blood-borne viruses spread as several
investigations carried out all over the world demonstrate this facts.
Special Article - Hepatitis
Magnitude of Hepatitis B Virus among Barbers in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
Shure W
1
*, Desta K
1
, Diriba R
1
, G/Egzabixier A
2
and Benti G
3
1
Department of Medical Laboratory, University of Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Department of Virology, Ethiopian Public Health
Institute, Ethiopia
3
Department of Masters of Public Health, Africa Medical
College, Ethiopia
*Corresponding author: Shure W, Department of
Medical Laboratory, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Received: August 27, 2018; Accepted: October 10,
2018; Published: October 17, 2018