69 © The Author(s) 2019
S. Deckard, S. Shapiro (eds.), World Literature, Neoliberalism, and
the Culture of Discontent, New Comparisons in World Literature,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05441-0_3
CHAPTER 3
From “Section 936” to “Junk”:
Neoliberalism, Ecology, and Puerto Rican
Literature
Kerstin Oloff
That neoliberalism is “badly wounded today, dominant but dead” (Smith
2010), that it is still holding a death grip on the present, is nowhere more
visible than in the violent, indeed deadly, socio-ecological crisis af ficting
Puerto Rico.
1
The present chapter was originally written in the months
before hurricane Maria devastated the island and its already fragile infra-
structure on September 20, 2017.
2
This disaster tragically intensifed the
dynamics identifed in the texts I discuss, exposing an “extreme depen-
dence on imported fuel and food” (Klein 2018). It was, as many point
out, “unnatural” (de Onís 2018: 1), rapidly exacerbating the legacies of a
history of colonial exploitation and of more recent rounds of disaster
capitalism and neoliberal austerity. The hurricane’s tragic and ongoing
aftermath has been marked by governmental neglect and corruption, and
the rise of further rounds of disaster capitalism and austerity measures (see
Klein 2018). Indeed, Maria’s impact amply illustrates Ashley Dawson’s
observation that, within the age of climate change, inequality is further
K. Oloff (*)
Durham, UK
e-mail: k.d.oloff@durham.ac.uk