~ 124 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(6): 124-133 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(6): 124-133 © 2018 IJCS Received: 05-09-2018 Accepted: 10-10-2018 Praveen Kumar Department of biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India Jayanti Tokas Department of biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India Naresh Kumar Department of biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India Manohar Lal Department of plant physiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India HR Singal Department of biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India Correspondence Praveen Kumar Department of biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, India Climate change consequences and its impact on agriculture and food security Praveen Kumar, Jayanti Tokas, Naresh Kumar, Manohar Lal and HR Singal Abstract Among the most significant impacts of climate change is the potential increase of food insecurity and malnutrition. Increasing Climate change make worse the risks of hunger and undernutrition through Extreme weather events. Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of some disasters such as droughts, floods and storms. This has an adverse impact on livelihoods and food security. Climate-related disasters have the potential to destroy crops, critical infrastructure, and key community assets, therefore deteriorating livelihoods and exacerbating poverty. Long-term and gradual climate risks cause, Sea-level rise as a result of climate change, affecting livelihoods in coastal areas and river deltas. Accelerated glacial melt will also affect the quantity and reliability of water available and change patterns of flooding and drought. Climate change affects all dimensions of food security and nutrition. Changes in climatic conditions have already affected the production of some staple crops, and future climate change threatens to exacerbate this. Higher temperatures will have an impact on yields while changes in rainfall could affect both crop quality and quantity. Climate change could increase the prices of major crops in some regions. For the most vulnerable people, lower agricultural output means lower incomes. Under these conditions, the poorest people who already use most of their income on food sacrifice additional income and other assets to meet their nutritional requirements, or resort to poor coping strategies. Keywords: accelerated, chronic, deteriorating and community 1. Introduction The multiple adverse impacts of global warming and climate change on food production involves many factors (fig 1). Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and precipitation of a region. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with, a significant period of time. It is about non-normal variations to the climate, and the effects of these variations on other parts of the Earth. These changes may take tens, hundreds or perhaps millions of year. But increased in anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, agriculture and change in land use pattern etc. leads to emission of greenhouse gases (fig 2) due to which the rate of climate change is much faster. Climate change scenarios include higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, and higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (fig 3). There are three ways in which the Greenhouse effect may be important for agriculture. First, increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations can have a direct effect on the growth rate of crop plants and weeds. Secondly, CO 2 -induced changes of climate may alter levels of temperature, rainfall and sunshine that can influence plant and animal productivity.