16    International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 1; Issue 2; February 2016; Page No. 16-22 Insect pests of honey bees and choosing of the right management strategic plan Muhammad Sarwar Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan. Abstract Like all living creatures, honeybees are subjected to attack at all stages of development by various insect enemies acting directly as predators or indirectly by disturbing of colony. This article deals with most common insect enemies of honeybee, describes their harmful effects and gives clear indication of means to protect hive and hive products. The most important of these enemies are those that destroy combs, stores, hive and some predators that take foraging worker as they leave hive, or those that behave as true parasites by raising their offspring in bodies of bees. Control of moth can be undertaken by damaged and invaded comb cut out, and weakened colonies united to strengthen them. It is advisable to maintain strong colonies and provide appropriate number of frames according to size of colony. To destroy insects in larval stage, infested combs must be removed from hives and fumigated with chemical products or subjected to high or low temperatures. It is recommended that apiaries be moved away from heavily infested areas so that adults are deprived of bees and local populations of predator are thus reduced. Although ants and yellow jackets are not usually serious pests of beehives, their presence may indicate colony weakness, however, they tend to bother apiarists more than they bother honey bees themselves. Ants can be controlled by treating their nests with an approved insecticide; as such materials are generally highly toxic to bees and should not be used close to hives. Single colonies can be placed on stands or benches protected by oil or sticky barriers to avoid roaches, earwigs, praying mantids, termites and lice. Colonies should be carefully inspected for signs of infestation, maintain healthy hives capable of protecting all comb hive and carefully inspect honey bee packages received from areas where beetles are established. Keywords: Insects, Pests, Honey bees, Colony loss 1. Introduction All living organisms are subjected to infestation or attack by their natural enemies, and honey bees of the genus Apis are no without exception. Through their long history of evolution and natural selection, they have achieved a high level of sociality and many thousands of individual bees are living together in a tightly knit social organization. Currently, the most serious arthropod pests of honey bees are wax moths and small hive beetles, although the latter have not been as prevalent in recent years. Minor pests include meal moths, bee lice, and other nuisance pests such as ants, other bees, dragonflies, earwigs, hornets, roaches, termites and wasps. Insect pests feeding on bees cause damage to hive comb and spread various diseases within colony. Virtually, bee hives are attractive to termites attack on wooden hive parts, earwigs and roaches live inside covers, yellow jackets are common hive scavengers, and more than a dozen of other types of insects and related arthropods can be found inside a bee colony. Outside, spiders and other predatory insects may feast on bees captured at the entrance or at flower foraging sites [1] . The maintaining of gentle, manageable stock is especially important in severely predator’s populated areas. A number of preventive or control management practices to minimize the effects on honey bee pests are practiced. If bee colonies exhibit the above characteristics, requeening with healthy stock is highly recommended. The program involves a range of surveillance methods conducted at locations considered to be the most likely entry point of bee pests and predators throughout the territory. Maintain colony strength, keep bottom boards raised off the ground, remove debris from around the bottom of the hive, use ant barriers around colonies, or place single colonies on stands surrounded by oil or sticky traps. For wasp’s control, use traps baited with meat or other attractants coated with soft insecticides. Strengthening of honey bee colonies via feeding, removing unoccupied suppers and combs, and trapping adult wax moths are tested against wax moths and resulted in reduction of infestation level of pests by 82.3% and increasing honey bee. Three different ant protection methods such as inner tube, smooth iron sheet and tin filled with used engine oils are tests for their effectives in preventing access of ants by exposing to massive raids of ants, and the tin filled with used engine oil methods has been found the best in totally protecting honey bee colonies. In the present review an attempt has been made to briefly discuss the major honey bee insect pests and predators, and their disturbance in the country so as to help the researchers to develop efficient methods for prevention, control and management to improve productivity and the health welfare of bee populations [2] . 2. Pests of Honey Bees A numbers of invertebrate pests belong to insect orders themselves such as ants, beetles, moths, lice, termites, etc., raid bee colony as detailed in the underlines. 2.1. Lepidoptera Adults Lepidoptera insects are characterized by possession of four wings covered with scales and their mouth parts are specialized for feeding on the nectars of flowers and other liquids, and they are considered as harmless to bees, by contrast to caterpillars (larvae) having masticatory mouthparts for feeding primarily on plants. The Rhopalocera or butterflies have