International Journal of Entomology Research 17 International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 2; Issue 3; May 2017; Page No. 17-21 Evaluation of bio-efficacy and residual activity of pyriproxyfen against field collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from Gujranwala (Punjab), Pakistan *Anjum KI, Hassan SA, Usman M Health Services Academy Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Background: Dengue disease is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical region of the world. Pakistan has also serious issues on this infectious disease in the form of DF, DHF & DSS since 1994 when it was declared the first epidemic in Pakistan. Since then, many epidemics in different cities of Pakistan have been occurring on regular basis. The ever worst epidemic was occurred in 2011 in Punjab province where more than 286857 suspected cases and 21685 confirmed cases with 350 deaths were reported by Health Department. There is an urgent need for entomological and epidemiological studies on large scale to control the disease. The best known strategy is the effective implication of Integrated Vector Management (IVM) through adaptation of alternative and viable means vector control. Methodology: The recent study was conducted in district Gujranwala-Punjab, Pakistan to evaluate the Bio-efficacy of pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analogue) against field collected mosquitoes (larvae) of dengue vectors. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were collected from three different localities of Aroop Town. Collected mosquitoes were reared to get fresh larvae according to the WHO recommended rearing procedure. Larvae were treated with pyriproxyfen (Predator 0.5 WDG) at the WHO recommended dose of 0.01mg/l of a.i. The tests were conducted in triplicate form along with a control. A fresh lot of 25 larvae were added in all treated as well as in control cups on every ten days interval to determine the residual activity of the tested product. Result: The bio-efficacy of pyriproxyfen was found effective against field collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The complete Inhibition of Adult Emergence (EI) was observed 58 days and 47 days for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus respectively. The results also show that the residual activity of pyriproxyfen against Aedes aegypti is greater than Aedes albopictus as 68 days and 59 days (up to 80 % EI) respectively. Conclusions: Pyriproxyfen can be used to control the dengue vectors (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and it can be included in integrated vector control strategy. It is very effective and safer to use for vector control as non-conventional usage of chemical insecticides. Keywords: Dengue Disease, Vector control, Insecticides, Non- conventional usage of chemicals, Pyriproxyfen. 1. Introduction Dengue disease has become a major public health concerns worldwide. Over the past three decades, a dramatic increase has been observed in the frequency of the disease. WHO estimated that about 2.5 billion people of the tropical and subtropical countries are at dengue risk and 500 000 are admitted in hospitals each year and die at the rate of 2.5 %. Children are mainly affected ~90% having aged < 5 years [1] . The most affected regions of the world are South-East Asia, Western Pacific and America, among 100 countries [2] . Pakistan is also facing this major public health problem having its morbidities and mortalities due to certain factors like unplanned urbanization, poor water supply system and inadequate waste management. The other important factors are lack of effective vector control activities, lack of financial and human resources. According to the WHO Weekly Epidemiological Monitor, there are 1931 lab confirmed cases with 41 deaths in 2006, 1226 lab confirmed cases with 18 deaths in 2007, 2469 lab confirmed cases with 17 deaths in 2008, 1085 lab confirmed cases with 13 deaths in 2009, 11024 lab confirmed cases with 40 deaths in 2010 and 17057 lab confirmed cases with 219 deaths in 2011 [3] . Dengue cases are still being reported by health department from different localities of the Pakistan. Dengue is a viral disease spread by the biting of female Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes aegypti is considered as primary vector and Aedes albopictus is secondary, which breed most likely in artificial containers of in or around the human dwellings depending on certain environmental factors [4] . In case of dengue disease, there is still no availability of vaccine or any effective drugs. The solution to overcome at primarily is “vector control” through four major classes of insecticides in the form of adulticides i.e. IRS (Indoor residual spray), Fogging (Space Spray), ITNs (Insecticide treated nets) as well as larvicides by conventional method of chemical usage [5] . Mostly Pyrethroids are considered the best option for public health. But selection pressure and extensive use of insecticides in agriculture sector are developing insecticidal resistance which causes not only incapability to control the vector but also leave serious adverse effects on the non-target organisms [6] . Another way of vector control is the utilization of Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) which have shown very effective role in vector control. Few years back some natural and synthetic chemicals like pyriproxyfen and methoprene are being used to inhibit metamorphosis of target vectors which do not harm to non-target organisms [7] . There are two categories of IGRs, the first is Juvenile Hormone Analogues (JHAs) which disturbs normal function of juvenile hormone and the