A.N. Proto et al. (Eds.): Adv. Dynamic Modeling of Economic & Social Systems, SCI 448, pp. 91–107.
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Towards a Human Consistent Analysis
of Innovativeness via Linguistic Data
Summaries and Their Protoforms
Janusz Kacprzyk
1,2
, Slawomir Zadrożny
1
, and Tadeusz Baczko
3
1
Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Newelska 6, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland
{kacprzyk,zadrozny}@ibspan.waw.pl
2
Warsaw School of Information Technology
ul. Newelska 6, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland
3
Institute Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Pl. Defilad 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland
tbaczko@inepan.waw.pl
Abstract. We present the application of linguistic data summaries exemplified by,
for a personnel database, “most employees are young and well paid” (with some
degree of truth) for a human consistent verbalization of data analysis and data
mining results in the context of the assessment and evaluation of innovativeness of
companies. We present the linguistic summaries in the perspective of Zadeh’s pro-
toforms (prototypical forms), and their derivation as an interactive process through
a fuzzy querying interface. We show that a relevant class of linguistic summaries
that may be of use for our purposes can be obtained by using association rules
mining. We show some results of linguistic summaries for innovativeness assess-
ment and evaluation of SME (small to medium) companies in Poland taking into
account both quantitative and qualitative attributes.
1 Introduction
In the present, highly competitive world one of key issues that determine the
standing and prosperity of a country is innovativeness of companies, branches, in-
dustries, etc. All over the world governments put much emphasis on innovations
and try to devise a national innovation system, as well as corresponding systems
for the monitoring, evaluation and supporting of innovativeness and innovations.
In this paper, which is an extension of our former paper (Baczko, Kacprzyk and
Zadrożny, 2010), we are concerned with innovativeness at the national level in the
perspective of, for instance, (Archibugi, Howells and Michie, 1999), many pa-
pers in (Llerena and Matt, 2004), (Malerba and Brusoni 2007) or (Malerba and
Cantner, 2007) but taking into account some specifics of Poland – cf. Baczko
(2007a; 2007b; 2008; 2009a). For a similar perspective and solutions in the