International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science (IJLTEMAS) Volume VIII, Issue II, February 2019 | ISSN 2278-2540 www.ijltemas.in Page 124 Blockchain Architecture to Higher Education Systems K. Palanivel Computer Centre, Pondicherry University, India Abstract:-The blockchain is an emerging technology that serves as an immutable ledger, which allows transactions to take place in a decentralized manner. It has become a publicly available infrastructure for building decentralized applications and achieving interoperability. Blockchain-based applications ensure transparency and trust between all parties involved in the interaction. The blockchain also makes blockchain technology- based services interest to the education sector. Nowadays, educational organizations focus on online education and propose to create a system based on educational smart contracts in a public ledger. This public ledger will be shared between major offline educational institutes around the world. From a software architecture perspective, blockchain enables new forms of distributed software architectures across a large network of untrusted participants. The objective of this article is to apply blockchain technology in learning solutions and to propose a blockchain architecture to e-Learning solutions in Higher Education Systems. The proposed architecture exploits the benefits of the blockchain and offering security, anonymity, longevity, integrity, transparency, immutability and global ecosystem simplification, in order to create a globally trusted higher education credit system. Keywords – Blockchain, blockchain model, blockchain architecture, higher education institutions, e-learning solutions I. INTRODUCTION he blockchain is an emerging technology[15], which provide significant opportunities to disrupt traditional products and services due to the distributed and decentralized in nature. The features such as the permanence of the blockchain record and the ability to run smart contractsmake blockchain technology-based products or services significantly different from previous internet-based commercial developments and of particular interest to the education sector. In addition, currently, stakeholders within education are largely unaware of the social advantages and potential of blockchain technology. The increased interest and the variety of blockchain technologies lead to the growth of their application domains. The idea of storing educational records in the blockchain has been circulating in the press and academic papers for several years. Nowadays, most of the educational organizations focus on online education. These educational organizations propose to create a system based on the educational smart contracts in a public ledger. This public ledger can be shared between major offline educational institutes. Blockchain technology is forecast to disrupt any field of activity that is founded on time-stamped record-keeping of titles of ownership. Within education, activities likely to be disrupted by blockchain technology include the award of qualifications, licensing and accreditation, management of student records, intellectual property management and payments. In education systems [25] student records are endless, and with blockchain technology, assets like attendance, courses, payments toward tuition if they attend a private school, grades, coursework, and even their diploma can become part of their personal blockchain record. Since these records cannot be deleted, this helps with data security in that it is immutable. It also belongs to the student, rather than to the school. With blockchain, no participant can tamper with a record after it has been saved. If a record has an error, a new record must be added to correct it, and both the incorrect and correct records will remain visible. 1.1Challenges in Present Education System As of today, the standard process of education sector examinations has become very slow which causes uneven delays in the grading process [3]. When everything from sending copies to finalizing results is handled manually, it is not just expensive and time-consuming, but also causes a discrepancy in results, which is just not fair. At some places where still paperwork is involved, things get even worse. 1.2 Motivation Example Employees in the education sector misplace essential papers now and then, and they include students who lose their diplomas at the most inopportune time. Then, there are students from war-torn areas intending to continue their education elsewhere, and students of a school whose server breaks down or the data completely wiped out, for some reason. The research question for this study iscritical to the shaping of a qualitative study.  How to keep a reliable repository of academic records in a decentralized manner?  How does a recruiter seamlessly verify certificates from educational institutes in a good amount of time?  What is the best technology available that the learners can constantly upgrade their skills for professional and personal growth in the world today? T