65 Familia Fiction Familia Fictions: Writing the Family in Tomás Rivera’s . . . And the Earth Did Not Devour Him and Sandra Cisneros’ Caramelo Catherine Leen According to Latino writer Ilan Stavans, “Geneology rules Latino liter- ature tyrannically” and “fction is a device used to explore roots”(54). While it is almost impossible to dispute the idea that the topic of the family is central to Chicana and Chicano writing, Stavans signals that such dominance must be weighed against authorial uses of the family motif as part of literary creations. The novels that will be examined in this chapter are very different. Tomás Rivera’s . . . And the Earth Did Not Devour Him was originally written in Spanish in 1971. Set in rural Utah, this brief novel is a coming-of-age tale, or bildungsroman, that chronicles the experiences that will help the unnamed narrator make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Caramelo, a 2003 book by Sandra Cisneros, is a lengthy, fragmented novel divided into three parts. Beginning with the Mexican Revolution and ending sometime in the 1970s, Caramelo is also a bildungsroman, but the narrator fnds her way in the world by rewriting the stories that comprise her family’s history to create her own story. These novels clearly refect the very different times in which they were written. Rivera’s almost exclusive concentration on male char- acters places his novel frmly within the frst wave of Chicano nation- alist writers, whose emphasis was on community and solidarity. As Santiago Daydí-Tolson suggests in his reading of the novel: “If the unidentifed boy represents the collective mind of the group, it could be suggested that he does not constitute a truly individual character, but the representation of a whole generation. Rivera himself uses the singular to refer to the collective when he talks about the Chicano in general and says that ‘this is the kind of character I tried to portray in my work’” (Daydí-Tolson 137).