RESEARCH ARTICLE
IMPACT OF SALINITY ON SEED GERMINATION AND BIOMASS YIELDS OF FIELD PEA
(PASUM SATRIUM L.)
*Girma Wolde and Chigigne Adamu
Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Wolkite University, Ethiopia
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Salinity stress negatively affects seed germination and growth of different crops. There are reasonably
adequate information on the effects of salinity on crops germination and emergence. However, scanty
information is available on the impacts of salinity on crops biomass production during seedling growth.
Thus, a series of two experiments: laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of different salt
concentration on seed germination percentage and germination rate of field pea and pot experiment to
investigate the effect of salt on biomass yields of field pea were conducted. Both the experiments,
laboratory and pot experiments, have six treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM of salt concentration)
and treatments were laid out in randomized complete design (CRD) with four and three replications
respectively. The results revealed that the highest germination percentage and germination rate of 98 %
and 2.15 seeds per day, respectively were scored from the control treatment. The highest plant height,
leaf number, branch number and above ground dry biomass of 25.6 cm, 6.79 leaf per plant, 2.5 branch
per plant and 1.93 g respectively were scored from control treatment that was statistically similar with
10 mM salt concentration, while the lowest value of these parameters were recorded from pots treated
with 50 mM of salt concentrations . Therefore, salt content of irrigation water greater than 10 mM
might reduce yields of field pea. However, the results presented here need to be confirmed through on
farm research under various soil and agro climatic conditions.
Copyright © 2018, Girma Wolde and Chigigne Adamu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
INTRODUCTION
Filed pea (Pasum satrium L.) is one of the most important
leguminous crops of the world. It is originated in
Mediterranean region of Southern Europe and Western Asia.
Currently the crop is growing in many countries including
Ethiopia for both human consumption and animal feed
(Chandrasekaran et al., 2010). Filed pea is climbing annual
legume with weak, vine and relatively seven lent stems. Vines
often are 4 to 5 feet long, but when grown alone, filed peas
weak steams prevent it from growing more than 1.5 to 2 feet
tall. Leaves have two leaflets and tendril. Flowers are white,
pink or purple. It has pods Carrey seeds; seeds are rounded and
little angular with grayish to brown (green) yellow in color.
The root system is relatively shallow and small, but well
modulated (Hagedogen, 1986). Filed pea is grown as forage
crop for cattle; as green manure crop for soil improvement and
as cover crop to reduce soil erosion. Matured seeds are used as
whole or split. Seeds are starchy, which can vary from 30 to
50%, but high in fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and 1 % fat
(Mekay, 2001; Chandrasekaran et al., 2010). The major
producing countries of filed pea are Russia and China,
followed by Canada, Europe, Australia and the USA (Kallo,
1993).
*Corresponding author: Girma Wolde,
Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resource,
Wolkite University, Ethiopia.
The total field pea coverage in Ethiopia is estimated at 214,
253.07 ha with average annual production of 2752 tones with a
productivity of 12.85 quintals per hectare (CSA, 2011).
However it is lower than the world average in 2011
(FAOSTAT, 2011). According to Munns and Tester (2008)
more than 45 million hectares of irrigated land have been
damaged by salt worldwide and 1.5 million hectares are taken
out of production each year due to high soil salinity. In Africa,
1,899 million hectare of land is affected by salinity (FAO,
2008). In Ethiopia, salt-affected soils are prevalent in the Rift
Valley and the lowlands. About, 200 ha of lands of the limited
areas of irrigated lands in the rift valley system are abandoned
for agricultural crop production every year due to sodicity and
associated land drainage problems in the country (Heluf,
1987). The total land area affected by salinity and sodicity in
Ethiopia is estimated at 11 million ha (Szabolcs, 1989). The
Ethiopian government has plans to introduce and implement
large-scale irrigation agriculture to increase agricultural
productivity (Mamo et al., 1996). Unless proper management
strategies are designed, the prevailing salinity problem in the
country is expected to become severe in the years to come
(Kin femichael, 2011). Salinity is one of the factors limiting
the productivity of crops like field pea, because most of the
crop plants are sensitive to salinity caused by high
concentrations of salts in the soil (Hasanuzzaman et al., 2013).
Seed germination is the first step of plant life, which
determines when and where seedling growth begins (Jeannette
ISSN: 0976-3376
Asian Journal of Science and Technology
Vol. 09, Issue, 02, pp.7565-7569, February, 2018
Available Online at http://www.journalajst.com
ASIAN JOURNAL OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Article History:
Received 27
th
November, 2017
Received in revised form
08
th
December, 2017
Accepted 08
th
January, 2018
Published online 28
th
February, 2018
Key words:
Field pea, Salinity,
Germination and
Growth rate.
Key words:
Field pea, Salinity,
Germination and
Growth rate.