The Contradictory Views on Ancient Literary Works as a Foundation of World Historical Development Solehah Yaacob * , Ismail Haron Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge & Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia solehah71@gmail.com Keywords: Authenticity of the Document, Inscription, Fabricated and Forgeries, Propaganda, History Abstract. Contradictory views on ancient literary works provide a panorama of historical development. However, the validity of the texts was considered as issue of prime importance. The critics on its literary authenticity would reveal whether it was real or just a fabrication. The Epic Gilgamesh was ascertained by Said Ghanimi to be unauthentic. The contentions by S. N. Kramer and Taha Baqir were with regard to the differences of language usage in the Epic Gilgamesh either Sumerian or Akkadian as well. The acknowledgement of the West on Iliad and Odyssey by Homer as the first document written in world history was unfounded although this was highlighted by B. Lansberger in 7 th conference in Paris on 1958. The Code Hamurabbi is a well preserved Babylonian Code of laws, unfortunately, it was considered as a fabrication of Old Testament which came 800 years later, especially on the narration of Big Flood Story as mentioned in the Book of Genesis. It is regrettable that the paucity of materials on the ancient history of the ancient people available from the Muslim sources poses as a constraint on this study. The research is compelled to refer almost entirely to Western and Jews sources. Thus, the approach used in this study is based primarily on historical and linguistic analysis of ancient literary works. Introduction The writings on tablets of ancient relics recovered at Mesopotamia have been regarded by archeologists and historians to be of great historical and cultural significance. It is regarded as a major watershed or landmark in the history of human civilization and culture. If we compare in terms of the oldness of literary works produced by humans these writings were regarded as the oldest of any human intellectual feats known to have been produced anywhere in the world. Studies verified that a great deal of written materials were in the language of Sumerian and Akkadian. These materials came to be known at a very much later date from the time it was written. It was gauged to be in existence at the beginning the era of second thousand BC. However, most of the works recovered could be dated to the era of third thousand BC. It could probably this was the period that literary creations became more preponderant. A comparison by viewing ancient Egyptian’s relics would not do justice to Egyptian’s ancient civilization as findings from Egyptian sources were scarce and not many artifacts were available to researchers. Nevertheless, it is known that the epoch known as the era of Pyramids saw a flourishing of Egyptian civilization which was said to produce massive amount of literary works. As evidenced by archeological findings at Ugarit the city of Canaanite it had been gauged that an advanced Egyptian’s civilization was in existence in the later part of 1400BC. This underscored the point that Egyptian literature in written form appeared 500 years later than the writings of Mesopotamia discovery. To examine briefly in terms of which civilization had existed earlier than the others a quick review would provide some rough indicators. It is known that Hebrew was not the original language of the Torah [17, p. 272] 1 came very much later than the language of ancient Iraq. The written Torah is said to be produced in the centuries between sixth 6 th or fifth 5 th century BC. The oldest examples 1 `A process of scriptural evolution: Canaanite, Aramaic (Assyrian) and finally square, which later on was renamed Hebrew”. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences Submitted: 2018-12-29 ISSN: 2300-2697, Vol. 86, pp 42-53 Revised: 2019-02-13 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.86.42 Accepted: 2019-02-14 2019 SciPress Ltd., Switzerland Online: 2019-03-21 SciPress applies the CC-BY 4.0 license to works we publish: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/