https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118769902
Transportation Research Record
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© National Academy of Sciences:
Transportation Research Board 2018
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DOI: 10.1177/0361198118769902
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JOURNAL OF THE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
Article
Access to fixed-route public transit options contributes to
increased mobility. For transit services to be used effectively
and fully by persons with disabilities, infrastructure and built
environment components, that is, pathways to transit, must
permit individuals to reach stops and stations without diffi-
culty. Transit agencies have an incentive to promote the use
of fixed-route services by persons with disabilities, as these
services are generally less costly to operate than Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA) paratransit services, and
increased ridership usually contributes to more cost-effective
operations. This research uses case studies to explore efforts
and promising practices undertaken by U.S. transit agencies
to improve the pathways to transit.
Transit agencies and their partners have made significant
progress since the 1990 passage of the ADA in increasing
system accessibility, with the U.S. public transit vehicle fleet
now reaching close to total accessibility for those using
wheelchairs and with other disabilities (1). However, less
progress has been made on pathway to transit accessibility—
even though both agencies and riders benefit when exem-
plary pathways exist permitting riders to reach stations and
stops more easily. Transit agencies find themselves in a dif-
ficult position though, as they often cannot make these
improvements themselves, but must collaborate with others
(governments, agencies, private property owners, etc.) to
improve the built environment beyond their properties. To
this end, many transit agencies nationwide have worked with
local governments and private partners, as well as made
changes to their policies and procedures in an effort to
improve the physical connections that allow persons with
disabilities and others to access regularly scheduled transit
options.
This paper shares successful strategies utilized by select
U.S. transit agencies in their pursuit of initiatives to improve
769902TRR XX X 10.1177/0361198118769902Transportation Research RecordDiPetrillo et al
research-article 2018
1
Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center, Edward J. Bloustein School of
Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,
New Brunswick, NJ
2
Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA
3
University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
4
Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, UWA School of Design,
University of Western Australia (M433), Crawley (Perth), Australia
5
Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida,
Tampa, FL
6
School of Architecture & Community Design, University of South Florida,
Tampa, FL
Corresponding Author:
Address correspondence to Stephanie DiPetrillo: sdipetrillo@ejb.rutgers.edu
Improving Pathways to Fixed-Route
Transit: Transit Agency Practices to
Expand Access for All Users
Stephanie DiPetrillo
1
, Andrea Lubin
1
, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris
2
,
Carla Salehian
3
, Stephen C. Gibson
4
, Kristine M. Williams
5
,
and Theodore Trent Green
6
Abstract
This paper discusses challenges to and promising practices for making infrastructure improvements that enable persons with
disabilities and all system users to safely reach public transportation stations and stops to access fixed-route transit options.
Although tremendous strides have been made in national transit system accessibility since the 1990 passage of the Americans
with Disabilities Act, far less progress has been made in ensuring that pathways to accessible transit stations and stops are in
place. This reality poses a critical mobility concern as the nation’s aging population continues to rise, as does the percentage
of the population with disability who may need to utilize public transit to access life enhancing and sustaining services. The
study uses a national survey and targeted case study analysis to identify effective best practices for facilitating improvement
to pathways to transit. These include approaching cost and funding creatively; pursuing partnerships; initiating and maintaining
open communication and collaboration; exploring the use of data and new technologies to reduce cost and improve outcomes;
and thinking holistically to identify and address pathway to transit improvement needs. Useful to both practitioners and policy-
makers, the findings presented offer insights on how agencies can successfully achieve infrastructure improvements that extend
beyond their own facilities and that allow people with disabilities and others to more easily access public transit.