1 Health Related Quality Of Life of Children with Cancer Before and After Bone Marrow Transplantation 1 Ahmed Salah Ali Mohamed, 2 Fawzia ElSayed Abu Saad, 3 Ohoud Youssef El- Sheikh, 4 Raafat Mohamed Abd Elfattah; 1 Demonstrator of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing-Mansoura University 2 Assist. Professor of pediatric nursing, Faculty of Nursing-Mansoura University 3 Lecture of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing-Mansoura University 4 Assist. Professor .of hematology and bone marrow transplantation, Faculty of Medicine - Cairo University `Abstract Background: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is reserved for a specific subpopulation of children with cancer. Aim: The current study aimed to assess health related quality of life of children with cancer before and after bone marrow transplantation. Design: A quasi experimental research designed was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out at Nasser Institute Hospital in bone marrow transplant unit and in hematology & bone marrow transplant outpatient clinic. A convenient sample of 36 children who were diagnosed with cancer, aged from 6 to 18 years, underwent bone marrow transplantation and their parents were included in the study. Three tools were used to collect the necessary data which include; Interview questionnaire sheet, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (pedsQL 4.0) (child self report and parent proxy report), Cancer Module (version 3.0) (child self report and parent proxy report). Results revealed that, the majority of studied children experienced moderate quality of life pre BMT in area related to physical, emotional and social functioning (88.9%, 88.9% and 94.4% respectively). More than two thirds of studied children (72.2%) experienced moderate quality of life pre BMT in area related to school functioning, while more than two thirds of studied children (69.4%) experienced low quality of life post (BMT) regarding emotional functioning while, two fifths (44.4%) of studied children experienced low quality of life post BMT regarding physical functioning as reported by studied children and their parents. The study concluded that, the vast majority of studied children experienced moderate QOL pre BMT while half of them experienced low QOL post BMT. There was a highly statistically significant relation between health related quality of life (HRQOL) and cancer module symptoms pre and post BMT which reported either by studied children or their parents. Recommendations: regular and continuous health educational programs which are essential for parents of cancer children who underwent BMT about care of their children in home post BMT as well as routine evaluation of HRQOL needs to be integral part of care of children after BMT. Keywords: Health related quality of life; children with cancer; parents; bone marrow transplantation